Rig Veda 5.20.4: Mandala 5, Sukta 20, Mantra 4

Sukta 5.20

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (traditional attribution for Mandala 5 Atri hymns)

Devata: Agni (continuation within RV 5.20 Agni hymn context; epithets suit Agni as forceful helper and sukratu)

Chandas: Trishtubh/Jagati (probable; verify in critical edition due to longer cadence and repetitions)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इत्था यथा त ऊतये सहसावन्दिवेदिवे । राय ऋताय सुक्रतो गोभिः ष्याम सधमादो वीरैः स्याम सधमादः ॥

Transliteration

itthā́ yáthā te ūtáye sáhasāvandive-dive | rāyá ṛtā́ya sukrato góbhīḥ syāma sadhamā́do vīráiḥ syāma sadhamā́daḥ ||

Translation

Así sea: por tu auxilio, oh Poderoso, día tras día — por la riqueza conforme a ṛta, oh de voluntad clara — seamos compañeros del gozo compartido: con rayos de luz (vacas) y con fuerzas heroicas; seamos compañeros del gozo compartido.

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Word by Word

• इत्था: thus, in this manner
• इत्था: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/रीति)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्था (avyaya-prātipadika)

• यथा: as, just as
• यथा: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकार/उपमान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (avyaya-prātipadika)

• ते: of you, your
• ते: Sampradāna (possessor of aid) / relation
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāman-prātipadika)

• ऊतये: for (your) help/aid
• ऊतये: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊति (prātipadika)

• सहसावन्: O mighty one
• सहसावन्: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: सहसावन् (prātipadika; from सहस् ‘might’)

• दिवे-दिवे: day by day
• दिवे-दिवे: Adhikaraṇa (काल)
• Type: Noun (reduplicated adverbial)
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika: दिवस/दिव्)

• रायः: of wealth, of bounty
• रायः: Sampradāna/Relation (genitive of purpose/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/रायि (prātipadika)

• ऋताय: for ṛta (truth/cosmic order)
• ऋताय: Sampradāna (goal/purpose) / Adhikaraṇa (norm)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (prātipadika)

• सु-क्रतो: O good-minded/wise in resolve
• सु-क्रतो: Sambodhana (addressed deity)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सुक्रतु (prātipadika)

• गोभिः: with cows (cattle)
• गोभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (prātipadika)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: Kartā (implicit ‘we’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• सध-मादः: a companion at the common feast/pressing
• सध-मादः: Kartā/Predicate-nominative (with स्याम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (prātipadika)

• वीरैः: with heroes/men
• वीरैः: Karaṇa (association/instrumental of accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (prātipadika)

• स्याम: may we be
• स्याम: Kartā (implicit ‘we’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)

• सध-मादः: a companion at the common feast/pressing
• सध-मादः: Kartā/Predicate-nominative (with स्याम)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (prātipadika)