Rig Veda 10.166.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 166, Mantra 1
Sukta 10.166
Rishi: Late/anonymous (Mandala 10; self-affirmation/competitive charm style).
Devata: Implicitly Indra-like force of victory; the addressed power is the victorious divine energy invoked for the speaker (no single devatā named in the verse).
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like cadence is possible in such charm verses; exact meter requires scan (Mandala 10 includes mixed meters).
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
ऋषभं मा समानानां सपत्नानां विषासहिम् । हन्तारं शत्रूणां कृधि विराजं गोपतिं गवाम् ॥
Transliteration
ṛṣabháṃ mā samānā́nāṃ sapátnānāṃ viṣāsahím | hantā́raṃ śátrūṇāṃ kṛdhi virā́jaṃ gópatim gávām ||
Translation
Hazme toro entre mis iguales, avasallador de los rivales; hazme el golpeador de los enemigos, resplandeciente de poder soberano, guardián-señor de los Rayos (vacas), dueño de la plenitud.
Word by Word
ऋषभम्a bull; a leader/champion
ऋषभम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषभ (प्रातिपदिक)
माme
मा:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
समानानाम्of equals; of those on the same level
समानानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of equals/peers’
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootसमान (प्रातिपदिक)
सपत्नानाम्of rivals; of competitors
सपत्नानाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of rivals’
TypeNoun
Rootसपत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
विषासहिम्overpowering; vanquishing (them)
विषासहिम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य) / विशेषणम् (ऋषभम्/मा) — ‘overpowering’
TypeAdjective (kṛdanta)
Rootवि-सा-सह् (धातु √सह् ‘सहने/जयने’) → ‘विषासहि’ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
हन्तारम्a slayer
हन्तारम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun (agent)
Root√हन् ‘हिंसायाम्’ → ‘हन्तृ’ (कर्तृ-नाम) प्रातिपदिक
शत्रूणाम्of enemies
शत्रूणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of enemies’
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
कृधिmake (thou); make (me)
कृधि:
क्रिया (मुख्य विधेय)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ ‘करणे’
विराजम्shining one; sovereign; splendid ruler
विराजम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवि-राज् (प्रातिपदिक ‘विराज्’)
गोपतिम्lord/protector of cattle
गोपतिम्:
कर्म (कृधि इत्यस्य)
TypeNoun
Rootगो-पति (समास-प्रातिपदिक)
गवाम्of cows; of cattle
गवाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी) — ‘of cows/cattle’
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
Ask anything about this verse
Answers come straight from the texts, with the shlokas they draw on. Ask in your own words.
Not sure where to start?
A free sign-in with Google or Apple keeps your chat saved across web and the app.
Read Rig Veda in the Vedapath app
Scan the QR code to open this directly in the app, with word-by-word meanings, Sanskrit recitation where available, and more.