Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 18, Shloka 12

पुत्रजन्मोत्सवः — Birth of the Princes and Viśvāmitra’s Arrival

Bālakāṇḍa 18

Devanagari script

भरतो नाम कैकेय्यां जज्ञे सत्यपराक्रम:।।।।साक्षाद्विष्णोश्चतुर्भागस्सर्वैस्समुदितो गुणै:।

Transliteration

bharato nāma kaikeyyāṃ jajñe satyaparākramaḥ || 1.18.12 ||

sākṣād viṣṇoś caturbhāgaḥ sarvaiḥ samudito guṇaiḥ |

Translation

De Kaikeyī nació un hijo llamado Bharata, cuyo valor se fundaba en la verdad—manifiestamente la cuarta porción de Viṣṇu—colmado de todas las virtudes en plenitud.

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• अथ: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तर्यवाचक निपात (then)

• लक्ष्मणशत्रुघ्नौ: Lakṣmaṇa and Śatrughna
• लक्ष्मणशत्रुघ्नौ: कर्म (Object; apposition to सुतौ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण + शत्रुघ्न (प्रातिपदिक; समाहार-द्वन्द्व)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन (Dual); द्वन्द्वसमासः (itaretara-dvandva)

• सुमित्रा: Sumitrā
• सुमित्रा: कर्ता (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमित्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• जनयत्: gave birth to
• जनयत्: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु; णिच् causative)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिच्

• सुतौ: two sons
• सुतौ: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, द्विवचन; अत्र कर्मरूपेण (object)

• वीरौ: heroic
• वीरौ: कर्ता (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषण of सुतौ

• सर्वास्त्रकुशलौ: skilled in all weapons
• सर्वास्त्रकुशलौ: कर्ता (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-अस्त्र-कुशल (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषण of सुतौ; तत्पुरुषः: सर्वेषु अस्त्रेषु कुशलौ

• विष्णोः: of Viṣṇu
• विष्णोः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• अर्धसमन्वितौ: endowed with a half-portion (of Viṣṇu)
• अर्धसमन्वितौ: कर्ता (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्ध-समन्वित (कृदन्त; √इ/√वृत्?; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; विशेषण of सुतौ; तत्पुरुषः: अर्धेन समन्वितौ (endowed with a portion)

Context

As an incarnation of the fourth part of Visnu, imbued with all virtues, and armed with truth Bharata was born to Kaikeyi.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kaikeyī
• Viṣṇu

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya is presented as the foundation of true strength: Bharata’s valor is ‘truth-powered,’ anticipating his later steadfastness to righteousness and rightful order.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration continues the births of Daśaratha’s sons, introducing Bharata and characterizing him through truth and virtue.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satya-parākrama—courage that is restrained and guided by truth, not by impulse or self-interest.