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Shloka 41

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

अकाले यद्धनं दत्तमपात्रेभ्यो द्विजोत्तमाः । संक्रुद्वैरपि यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं चाप्यसत्कृतम् ॥ ४१ ॥

akāle yaddhanaṃ dattamapātrebhyo dvijottamāḥ | saṃkrudvairapi yaddattaṃ yaddattaṃ cāpyasatkṛtam || 41 ||

Oh, el mejor de los dos veces nacidos: la riqueza dada en tiempo impropio, dada a quien no es digno, dada con ira u hostilidad, o dada sin el debido respeto—tal dádiva se considera defectuosa.

akāleat an improper time
akāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roota-kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; नञ्-तत्पुरुष/उपपद-निषेध (‘अकाले’ = at an improper time) used adverbially
yatwhich
yat:
Karma (कर्म) (relative-correlative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
dhanamwealth, gift
dhanam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdhana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
dattamgiven
dattam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√dā (धातु) + क्त-प्रत्यय
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP)
apātrebhyaḥto unworthy persons
apātrebhyaḥ:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Roota-pātra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th), बहुवचन; नञ्-समासार्थ (‘unworthy recipients’)
dvija-uttamāḥO best of the twice-born
dvija-uttamāḥ:
Sambodhana/Addressed group (सम्बोधनार्थ-प्रथमा)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (‘द्विजानाम् उत्तमाः’) used in address
saṃ-kruddhaiḥby/with those who are enraged
saṃ-kruddhaiḥ:
Sahakārī/Instrumental circumstance (सह/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃ + kruddha (प्रातिपदिक; from √krudh)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; उपसर्ग ‘सम्’
apieven, also
api:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle)
yat-dattamwhatever is given
yat-dattam:
Karma (कर्म) (relative)
TypeAdjective
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक) + datta (√dā + क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक ‘यत्’ + कृदन्त ‘दत्तम्’
yat-dattamwhatever is given
yat-dattam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक) + datta (√dā + क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (repetition for emphasis)
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
apialso
api:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात
asat-kṛtamdone without respect / improperly honored
asat-kṛtam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootasat (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛta (√kṛ + क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुष-भावः (‘असत्’ qualifying ‘कृतम्’ = done without proper honor)

Narada

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It defines dāna-doṣa—defects that diminish the merit of charity—by stressing right timing, worthy recipients, pure intention, and respectful offering.

Bhakti emphasizes inner sincerity; this verse aligns giving with devotion by rejecting offerings made in anger, hostility, or disrespect, which contradict a reverent, sattvic mindset.

It implicitly points to proper kāla (timing) and vidhi (procedure) in ritual conduct—topics connected with Jyotiṣa for auspicious timing and Kalpa for correct performance of acts like dāna.