Shloka 20

दिनकार्यमशेषं हि कर्तव्यं शर्वरीमुखे । विधिरेष मया ख्यातो नराणामुपवासिनाम् ॥ २० ॥

dinakāryamaśeṣaṃ hi kartavyaṃ śarvarīmukhe | vidhireṣa mayā khyāto narāṇāmupavāsinām || 20 ||

En verdad, todos los deberes del día deben concluirse al comienzo mismo de la noche. Ésta es la norma de conducta que he declarado para quienes observan el upavāsa (ayuno).

dina-kāryamthe daytime duty
dina-kāryam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdina (प्रातिपदिक) + kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दिनस्य कार्यम्)
aśeṣamentire, without remainder
aśeṣam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootaśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with kāryam
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात); emphasis/indeed
kartavyammust be done
kartavyam:
Vidheyabhāva (विधेय/Predicate obligation)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (कृ धातु) + tavya (तव्य प्रत्यय)
FormGerundive/obligative (तव्यत्-कृदन्त); Neuter, Nominative, Singular; impersonal predicate: ‘is to be done’
śarvarī-mukheat the beginning of night
śarvarī-mukhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootśarvarī (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शर्वर्याः मुखे)
vidhiḥthe rule
vidhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
eṣaḥthis
eṣaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Determiner)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun (सर्वनाम)
mayāby me
mayā:
Kartṛkaraṇa (कर्तृ-करण/Agent-instrumental)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; pronoun ‘I’
khyātaḥdeclared, made known
khyātaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootkhyā (ख्या धातु) + ta (क्त प्रत्यय)
FormPast passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त); Masculine, Nominative, Singular; agrees with vidhiḥ
narāṇāmof men
narāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
upavāsināmof those who are fasting
upavāsinām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootupavāsin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural; agent noun ‘one who fasts’

Narada

Vrata: none

Rasa: {"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"bhakti","emotional_journey":"A calm, rule-giving tone that moves from practical instruction (finish duties) to a devotional-ascetic framing (proper conduct for fasters)."}

FAQs

It frames fasting (upavāsa) as disciplined sacred time: one should settle worldly daytime tasks first, so the night and the vow are kept with a steady, undistracted mind.

By prescribing order and restraint, it supports bhakti-practice: when duties are finished early, the fasting observer can devote the night to japa, remembrance, and worship without interruption.

It reflects practical ritual timing (kāla/niyama) used in vrata-vidhi—organizing actions by proper time (night’s commencement) to preserve purity and focus during observances.