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Shloka 10

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

मूलं हि पितृतृप्त्यर्थं विज्ञेयं धर्मकांक्षिभिः । पूर्वविद्धा न कर्तव्या द्वितीया चाष्टमी तथा ॥ १० ॥

Transliteration

mūlaṃ hi pitṛtṛptyarthaṃ vijñeyaṃ dharmakāṃkṣibhiḥ | pūrvaviddhā na kartavyā dvitīyā cāṣṭamī tathā || 10 ||

Translation

Quienes anhelan el dharma deben saber que el rito ligado a Mūla es para la satisfacción de los Pitṛ, los antepasados. Además, la Dvitīyā y la Aṣṭamī no deben observarse cuando son pūrvaviddhā, es decir, cuando el tithi ya ha comenzado antes del momento prescrito.

Word by Word
मूलम्the root/primary (tithi)
मूलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/बलार्थक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अव्यय
पितृ-तृप्ति-अर्थम्for the purpose of satisfying the ancestors
पितृ-तृप्ति-अर्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तृप्त्यर्थम् = प्रयोजनार्थे (for the purpose)
विज्ञेयम्should be known
विज्ञेयम्:
Vidheyavishaya (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Root√ज्ञा (धातु) + वि (उपसर्ग) ; विज्ञेय (कृदन्त)
Formभाव्य/विधेय (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावे ‘should be known’
धर्म-काङ्क्षिभिःby those who desire dharma
धर्म-काङ्क्षिभिः:
Karana/Agent-instrument (करण/कर्तृसाधन)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + काङ्क्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; काङ्क्षिन् = इच्छुक (desirer)
पूर्व-विद्धाthe earlier-occurring (tithi)
पूर्व-विद्धा:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + विद्ध (कृदन्त, √व्यध्/√विद् ‘to pierce/mark’)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘पूर्वेण विद्धा’ = earlier-touched/occurring earlier (tithi)
नnot
न:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
कर्तव्याshould be performed/observed
कर्तव्या:
Vidhi (विधि)
TypeAdjective
Root√कृ (धातु) ; कर्तव्य (कृदन्त)
Formभाव्य/विधेय (gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘should be done/observed’
द्वितीयाthe 2nd lunar day
द्वितीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तिथिनाम (name of lunar day)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
अष्टमीthe 8th lunar day
अष्टमी:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टमी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तिथिनाम
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
Samuccaya/Prakara (समुच्चय/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb of manner)
Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Mūla (pitṛtṛpty-artha rite); Dvitīyā-vrata; Aṣṭamī-vrata (timing rule)

Verse Rasa

Rasa: {"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"bhakti","emotional_journey":"Calm, rule-giving tone: from defining the purpose (pitṛ-tṛpti) to a precise prohibition about pūrvaviddhā timing."}

Characters & Entities
P
Pitrs

FAQs

It links correct calendrical observance to pitṛ-tṛpti (ancestral satisfaction), teaching that dharma is fulfilled not only by intention but by proper ritual timing and rule-based performance.

While focused on ritual timing, it supports bhakti indirectly by emphasizing disciplined, scripture-aligned practice—an attitude that safeguards devotional acts from error and preserves their intended spiritual fruit.

It reflects Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa (sacred calendrics/astronomy): choosing the correct tithi condition (avoiding pūrvaviddhā) for specific observances like Dvitīyā and Aṣṭamī, and relating rites to nakṣatra-based considerations such as Mūla.

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