Shloka 4

Adhyaya 36 — Madalasa’s Final Counsel and the Renunciation of King Ritadhvaja

Sanskrit

भार्यया सह धर्मात्मा यियासुस्तपसे वनम् ।

अवतीर्णो महारक्षो महाभागो महीपतिः ॥

Transliteration

bhāryayā saha dharmātmā yiyāsustapase vanam | avatīrṇo mahārakṣo mahābhāgo mahīpatiḥ

Translation

Aquel rey justo, gran protector y afortunado señor de la tierra, partió con su esposa al bosque para practicar austeridades (tapas).

Word by Word

• भार्यया: with (his) wife
• भार्यया: Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/सह), एकवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक-उपपद (postposition governing instrumental)

• धर्मात्मा: righteous-souled
• धर्मात्मा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharma-ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (dharmasya ātmā)

• यियासुः: wishing to go
• यियासुः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (धातु)
• Form: देशिदेरिवेटिव/इच्छार्थक-प्रातिपदिक: यियासु (desiderative noun/adjective from √yā), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘to wish to go’

• तपसे: for austerity
• तपसे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/सम्प्रदान), एकवचन

• वनम्: to the forest
• वनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन

• अवतीर्णः: having descended/retired (set out)
• अवतीर्णः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava+√tṝ (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे (as predicate of subject)

• महारक्षः: great protector/guardian
• महारक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-rakṣas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (mahān rakṣaḥ)

• महाभागः: very fortunate/noble
• महाभागः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā-bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (mahān bhāgaḥ)

• महीपतिः: king/lord of the earth
• महीपतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahī-pati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (mahīyāḥ patiḥ)

Speakers

• Narrator (continuing the account of Ṛtadhvaja and Madālasā)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Vānaprastha
• Tapas
• Detachment
• Ideal kingship

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse upholds the dharmic ideal that even sovereign power is subordinate to spiritual aims; householders (and rulers) should know when to step back and pursue tapas.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita: exemplary conduct of kings within a lineage narrative; it illustrates dharma in action rather than cosmogenesis.

What is the esoteric significance?

The forest symbolizes interiorization: moving from external protection of a realm to guarding the mind through austerity and restraint.