Shloka 5

Adhyaya 22 — Dharma of Giving

Sanskrit

अहन्यहन्यनुप्राप्ते पूर्वाह्ने नृपनन्दनः ।

ततश्च शेषं दिवसं तया रेमे सुमध्यया ॥

Transliteration

ahany ahany anuprāpte pūrvāhne nṛpanandanaḥ | tataś ca śeṣaṃ divasaṃ tayā reme sumadhyayā

Translation

Cada día, al llegar el tiempo del ante-meridiano, el hijo del rey cumplía su deber; y luego, durante el resto del día, se divertía con aquella dama de esbelta cintura.

Word by Word

• अहनि: on a day
• अहनि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; Neuter, Locative, Singular (in the day)

• अहनि: day by day
• अहनि: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; repetition: ‘day after day’

• अनुप्राप्ते: when (it) arrived
• अनुप्राप्ते: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + प्र + आप् (धातु) → अनुप्राप्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्यय (past passive participle) used in locative absolute; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘when (it) had arrived’

• पूर्वाह्ने: in the forenoon
• पूर्वाह्ने: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूर्वाह्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (पूर्वः अह्नः/अह्नि); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; Masculine, Locative, Singular

• नृपनन्दनः: the king’s son
• नृपनन्दनः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृप + नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (नृपस्य नन्दनः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then
• ततः: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रमवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• च: and
• च: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction: and)

• शेषम्: remaining
• शेषम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Neuter, Accusative, Singular; agrees with ‘दिवसम्’

• दिवसम्: day
• दिवसम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तया: with her
• तया: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Pronoun, Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• रेमे: enjoyed, sported
• रेमे: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Perfect, 3rd person singular (ātmanepada)

• सुमध्यया: with the slender-waisted (woman)
• सुमध्यया: Sahakāraka (सहकारक/सह)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि (सु-मध्य-या = ‘she who has a lovely waist’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Feminine, Instrumental, Singular; agrees with implied feminine companion

Speakers

• Narrator

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shringara", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Householder/royal life balance
• Kāma regulated by duty

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse reflects a dharmic sequencing: obligation first, enjoyment afterward. Pleasure (kāma) is not condemned, but placed under the discipline of duty.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita/narrative ethics: depiction of a prince’s regulated conduct rather than cosmology.

What is the esoteric significance?

Forenoon duty vs. later enjoyment can symbolize the prioritization of sattvic action before engagement with sense-life, a rhythm that preserves inner order.