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Shloka 40

Adhyaya 22Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

पुत्रावूचतुः ततः कुवलयाश्वस्य माता भर्तुरनन्तरम् ।

श्रुत्वा पुत्रवधं तादृक् प्राह दृष्ट्वा तु तं पतिम् ॥

putrāv ūcatuḥ tataḥ kuvalayāśvasya mātā bhartur anantaram |

śrutvā putra-vadhaṃ tādṛk prāha dṛṣṭvā tu taṃ patim ||

«Entonces hablaron los dos hijos. Después de ello, la madre de Kuvalayāśva, inmediatamente tras la muerte de su esposo, al oír de tal muerte de su hijo, habló al ver a su marido.»

putrauthe two sons
putrau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Dual (द्विवचन)
ūcatuḥsaid
ūcatuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वचने)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन)
tataḥthen/thereupon
tataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (काल/क्रमवाचक-अव्यय)
kuvalayāśvasyaof Kuvalayāśva
kuvalayāśvasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootkuvalayāśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
mātāthe mother
mātā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
bhartuḥof (her) husband
bhartuḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular
anantaramimmediately after
anantaram:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative used as indeclinable (क्रियाविशेषण-रूपेण), Neuter Accusative Singular; ‘immediately after’
śrutvāhaving heard
śrutvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (श्रवणे)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having heard’
putra-vadhamthe killing of (her) son
putra-vadham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक) + vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; object of ‘śrutvā’; tatpuruṣa ‘killing of (her) son’
tādṛksuch
tādṛk:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Roottādṛś (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun/adjective, Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; qualifying ‘vadham’: ‘such’
prāhasaid/spoke
prāha:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ah (भाषणे)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular
dṛṣṭvāhaving seen
dṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (दर्शने)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा), ‘having seen’
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (विरोध/अनुक्रमार्थक-अव्यय)
tamhim
tam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Masculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular
patimhusband
patim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular; apposition to ‘tam’
Narrator (introducing the next speaker: Kuvalayāśva’s mother; also mentions ‘the two sons’ speaking)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Narrative transitionFamily discourse on dharma and deathPativratā motif

FAQs

The narrative moves from general praise of dharmic death to a concrete exemplum: a mother’s speech reframing tragedy through the lens of merit and duty.

Narrative (ākhyāna) supporting dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

The sequencing—sons speak, then the mother—mirrors layered authority: worldly reasoning followed by a deeper, value-centered interpretation of loss.