Shloka 14

Adhyaya 18 — Arjuna Declines the Throne; Garga Directs Him to Dattatreya; The Gods Defeat the Daityas through Dattatreya’s Vision and the Movement of Lakshmi

Sanskrit

यम् आराध्य सहस्राक्षः प्राप्तवान् पदमात्मनः ।

हृतं दुरात्मभिर्दैत्यैर्जघान च दितेः सुतान् ॥

Transliteration

yam ārādhya sahasrākṣaḥ prāptavān padam ātmanaḥ | hṛtaṃ durātmabhir daityair jaghāna ca diteḥ sutān ||

Translation

Tras rendirle culto, el de los mil ojos (Indra) recobró su propio rango, arrebatado por los malvados Daityas, y dio muerte a los hijos de Diti.

Word by Word

• यम्: whom
• यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• आराध्य: having worshipped
• आराध्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ-राध्य (कृदन्त; √राध् (धातु) + ल्यप्)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययीभावार्थक कृदन्त (gerund/absolutive), अव्ययवत् प्रयोग

• सहस्राक्षः: Sahasrākṣa (Indra)
• सहस्राक्षः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र-अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; सहस्र + अक्ष)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (one whose eyes are a thousand)

• प्राप्तवान्: obtained
• प्राप्तवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्तवत् (कृदन्त; √आप् (धातु) + क्तवत्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्तवत्-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकालिक कर्तरि प्रयोग (perfective past, ‘has obtained’)

• पदम्: state, position
• पदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आत्मनः: his own
• आत्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (genitive singular)

• हृतम्: (that which was) taken away
• हृतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृत (कृदन्त; √हृ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)

• दुरात्मभिः: by evil-souled (ones)
• दुरात्मभिः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुरात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; दुर् + आत्मन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (instrumental plural)

• दैत्यैः: by the Daityas (demons)
• दैत्यैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• जघान: slew
• जघान: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• दितेः: of Diti
• दितेः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सुतान्: sons
• सुतान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speakers

• Garga citing Indra as precedent

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Dattatreya
• Indra

Key Themes

• Devotion yields restoration
• Deva–Asura conflict
• Legitimacy of rule through dharma

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Lost authority is restored through right alignment (worship/discipline), not merely through force. Indra’s success is framed as the fruit of propitiating a yogic-divine principle.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is part of vaṃśānucarita-style exemplum (narrated event illustrating dharma and divine intervention), not a cosmological creation account.

What is the esoteric significance?

Indra (lordship over senses/powers) losing and regaining ‘his place’ can symbolize the aspirant’s lapse and recovery of mastery through devotion and yogic guidance.