Duryodhana’s Śaraṇāgati and the Pāṇḍavas’ Resolve
Gandharva Encounter
ततः स महिष: क्रुद्धस्तूर्ण रुद्ररथं ययौ | अभिद्र॒ुत्य च जग्राह रुद्रस्य रथकूबरम्,तब क्रोधमें भरा हुआ महिषासुर तुरंत ही भगवान् रुद्रके रथकी ओर दौड़ा और पास जाकर उनके रथका कूबर- पकड़ लिया
tataḥ sa mahiṣaḥ kruddhas tūrṇaṁ rudrarathaṁ yayau | abhidhṛtya ca jagrāha rudrasya rathakūbaram ||
Entonces el demonio-búfalo, encendido de ira, corrió veloz hacia el carro de Rudra. Arremetiendo hasta alcanzarlo, asió el yugo/la lanza del carro de Rudra, desafiando abiertamente el poder divino que tenía enfrente: imagen de una arrogancia nacida de la cólera que se estrella contra la firmeza de lo sagrado.
मार्कण्डेय उवाच
Uncontrolled anger and pride drive one to reckless confrontation with higher order (dharma and divine authority). The verse highlights how adharma manifests as impulsive aggression—grasping at power symbols—yet such bravado is ethically hollow and self-destructive.
Mārkaṇḍeya narrates that the enraged buffalo-demon rushes at Rudra’s chariot and physically grabs its rathakūbara (front pole/yoke), signaling a direct, hostile challenge and the escalation of battle.