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Shloka 38

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय 33: धृतराष्ट्र-विदुर संवादः (विदुरनीतिः)

पर्जन्यनाथा: पशवो राजानो मन्त्रिबान्धवा: | पतयो बान्धवा: स्त्रीणां ब्राह्मणा वेदबान्धवा:,पशुओंके रक्षक या स्वामी हैं बादल, राजाओंके सहायक हैं मन्त्री, स्त्रियोंके बन्धु (रक्षक) हैं पति और ब्राह्मणोंके बान्धव हैं वेद

parjanyanāthāḥ paśavo rājāno mantribāndhavāḥ | patayo bāndhavāḥ strīṇāṃ brāhmaṇā vedabāndhavāḥ ||

Vidura enseña por analogía que todo ser o grupo social tiene un sostén y un protector adecuados: el ganado depende de la lluvia, los reyes se sostienen en sus ministros, las mujeres son amparadas por sus maridos, y los brahmanes se sustentan en los Vedas. El punto ético es que el dharma se preserva cuando cada cual se apoya en su fundamento legítimo y cuando esos apoyos cumplen fielmente su deber.

पर्जन्यनाथाःhaving Parjanya (rain-cloud) as lord/protector
पर्जन्यनाथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्यनाथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पशवःanimals/cattle
पशवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपशु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मन्त्रिबान्धवाःhaving ministers as kinsmen/supporters
मन्त्रिबान्धवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रिबान्धव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतयःhusbands/lords
पतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बान्धवाःkinsmen/protectors
बान्धवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःbrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वेदबान्धवाःhaving the Veda as kinsman/support
वेदबान्धवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदबान्धव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
P
parjanya (rain)
P
paśavaḥ (cattle)
R
rājānaḥ (kings)
M
mantrinaḥ (ministers)
P
patayaḥ (husbands)
S
striyaḥ (women)
B
brāhmaṇāḥ (brahmins)
V
veda (the Vedas)

Educational Q&A

Dharma functions through rightful supports: as rain sustains cattle, wise ministers sustain kings, husbands protect the household order, and the Vedas sustain brahmins. When these supports fail—or are ignored—social and moral order weakens.

Vidura is offering moral-political counsel in the Udyoga Parva, using compact analogies to remind the listener that rulers and social groups must rely on proper guidance and foundational duties, especially in a time of escalating conflict.