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Shloka 39

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

आसुरश्रैव विजयस्तथा कार्त्स्न्येन वर्णित: । लक्षणं पज्चवर्गस्य त्रिविध॑ चात्र वर्णितम्‌

āsuraś caiva vijayas tathā kārtsnyena varṇitaḥ | lakṣaṇaṁ pañcavargasya trividhaṁ cātra varṇitam ||

Dijo Bhishma: «Aquí también se ha descrito por entero el modo “asúrico” (implacable) de la victoria. Asimismo, las características de los cinco componentes del Estado se han expuesto en tres grados. Así, el tratado explica de manera completa las ocasiones para atacar al enemigo, el alcance de los tres fines de la vida y las distinciones entre las victorias—por dharma, por riqueza y poder, y por la mera fuerza coercitiva—junto con las señales superiores, medias e inferiores del ministro, el territorio, la fortaleza, el ejército y el tesoro.»

आसुरःdemonic (asuric)
आसुरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआसुर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विजयःvictory/conquest
विजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कार्त्स्न्येनin entirety/fully
कार्त्स्न्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्त्स्न्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वर्णितःdescribed
वर्णितः:
TypeVerb
Rootवर्णित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)
लक्षणम्characteristic/mark
लक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चवर्गस्यof the fivefold group
पञ्चवर्गस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चवर्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
त्रिविधम्threefold
त्रिविधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere/in this (text/context)
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
वर्णितम्described
वर्णितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवर्णित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma classifies victory by its ethical quality—victory aligned with dharma, victory pursued through wealth/power (artha), and victory achieved through ruthless coercion (āsura). He also teaches that sound governance depends on assessing the five state-constituents and recognizing their superior, middling, and inferior conditions.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma summarizes what has been covered: strategic occasions for attacking enemies, the framework of the three aims of life, and a systematic account of different kinds of conquest, along with a graded evaluation of the minister, realm, fort, army, and treasury.