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Shloka 21

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

तात! जिनकी तपस्या उग्र है, जिन्होंने धर्मकी निपुणताको देखा और अनुभव किया है, उन ऋषियोंके यायावर नामक गण भी वानप्रस्थी हैं, जिन्हें धर्मके फलका प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव है। वे तथा और भी असंख्य वनवासी ब्राह्मण, बालखिल्य और सैकत नामवाले दूसरे मुनि भी वैखानस (वानप्रस्थ) धर्मका पालन करनेवाले हैं ।।

tāta! yeṣāṁ tapasya ugrā, ye dharmasya nipuṇatāṁ dṛṣṭvā anubhūtavantaḥ, teṣāṁ ṛṣīṇāṁ yāyāvara-nāmaka-gaṇā api vānaprasthinaḥ, ye dharma-phalasya pratyakṣānubhava-yuktāḥ. te ca anye’pi asaṅkhyeyā vana-vāsinaḥ brāhmaṇāḥ, bālakhilyāḥ, saikata-nāmānaś ca anye munayaḥ api vaikhānasa (vānaprastha) dharmaṁ pālayanti. karmabhis te nirānandā dharma-nityā jitendriyāḥ; gatāḥ pratyakṣa-dharmāṇas te sarve vanam āśritāḥ.

Vyāsa dijo: «Hijo querido, entre los que practican austeridades severas—que han visto y realizado por sí mismos la sutil destreza del dharma—se cuentan, incluso entre los vānaprasthas (moradores del bosque), los grupos de sabios llamados Yāyāvaras, pues han experimentado directamente los frutos del dharma. Junto a ellos, incontables brāhmaṇas que viven en los bosques, los Bālakhilyas y otros ascetas conocidos como Saikatas también: todos observan la disciplina vaikhānasa del estado vānaprastha. Por sus actos prescritos permanecen sin deleite mundano, siempre firmes en el dharma, dueños de sus sentidos; habiendo hecho del dharma algo directamente atestiguado, todos han tomado refugio en el bosque.»

कर्मभिःby (their) actions
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निरानन्दाःfree from (worldly) pleasure; joyless (in sense of detached)
निरानन्दाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरानन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मनित्याःever devoted to dharma
धर्मनित्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मनित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जितेन्द्रियाःhaving conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गताःgone; having gone
गताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfective (Past participle), Plural, Masculine
प्रत्यक्षधर्माणःfor whom dharma is directly perceived/experienced
प्रत्यक्षधर्माणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्यक्षधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वनम्the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आश्रिताःhaving resorted to; dwelling in
आश्रिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-श्रि
FormPerfective (Past participle), Plural, Masculine

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Y
Yāyāvaras
V
Vānaprasthas
V
Vaikhānasas
F
forest-dwelling Brahmins
B
Bālakhilya sages
S
Saikata sages

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not merely theoretical: the highest ascetics embody it through disciplined practice, sense-control, and detachment, making its ‘fruit’ directly experienced. The vānaprastha/vaikhānasa path is presented as a lived ethical training grounded in austerity and restraint.

Vyāsa describes various classes of sages—Yāyāvaras, Bālakhilyas, Saikatas, and many forest-dwelling Brahmins—who have taken to the forest and follow the vānaprastha (Vaikhānasa) discipline, characterized by steady dharma, conquered senses, and freedom from worldly pleasures.