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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

योगी मन और इन्द्रियोंको एकाग्र करके रातके पहले और पिछले पहरमें ध्यानस्थ होकर मनको आत्मामें लगावे ।।

jantoh pañcendriyasya asya yad ekaṁ chidram indriyam | tato 'sya sravate prajñā dhṛteḥ pādād ivodakam | sattva-saṁsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati ||

Dijo Vyāsa: Para un ser vivo dotado de los cinco sentidos, si siquiera uno de ellos se vuelve una “fuga”—una brecha que se vuelca hacia afuera, hacia sus objetos—la sabiduría se le escurre, como el agua que sale por un agujero en una vasija. Por ello, el hombre constante debe cultivar sattva (claridad y equilibrio) y así volverse apto para cortar el sueño y la pesadez. En la disciplina del yoga han de arrancarse de raíz las faltas reconocidas—deseo, ira, codicia, miedo y sueño—venciendo la ira con el dominio interior, el deseo con la renuncia a la resolución compulsiva, y la languidez con el cultivo sostenido de sattva.

जन्तोःof the living being
जन्तोः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पञ्चेन्द्रियस्यof (one) having five senses
पञ्चेन्द्रियस्य:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अस्यof this
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यत्which
यत्:
Visheshana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
एकम्one (single)
एकम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
छिद्रम्a hole, breach
छिद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछिद्र
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इन्द्रियम्sense-organ
इन्द्रियम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ततःfrom that, thence
ततः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अस्यof him/it
अस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
स्रवतेflows out, drains away
स्रवते:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootस्रु
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
प्रज्ञाwisdom, discernment
प्रज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
धृतेःof steadiness/fortitude
धृतेः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootधृति
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
पादात्from the foot
पादात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
Upamana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उदकम्water
उदकम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सत्त्वसंसेवनात्from/through the cultivation of sattva
सत्त्वसंसेवनात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व-संसेवन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
धीरःthe steadfast man
धीरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निद्राम्sleep
निद्राम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिद्रा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उच्छेत्तुम्to cut off, to eliminate
उच्छेत्तुम्:
Prayojana
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-छिद्
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हतिis able/fit, can
अर्हति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
F
five senses (pañcendriya)
S
sense-organ (indriya)
W
water (udaka)

Educational Q&A

Even a single unguarded sense can drain discernment and steadiness; therefore one should practice disciplined restraint and cultivate sattva to uproot torpor and the major yogic faults (desire, anger, greed, fear, and sleep).

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on inner discipline, Vyāsa teaches by analogy: like water escaping through a small hole, wisdom escapes when any one sense turns outward unchecked; he then prescribes sattvic cultivation and specific methods of conquering inner enemies.