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Shloka 23

Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra

Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability

कर्णो शब्दक्ष॒ चित्तं च त्रयः श्रवणसंग्रहे । तथा स्पर्शे तथा रूपे तथैव रसगन्धयो:

karṇo śabdaś ca cittaṃ ca trayaḥ śravaṇa-saṅgrahe | tathā sparśe tathā rūpe tathaiva rasa-gandhayoḥ ||

Bhīṣma explica que todo acto de percepción requiere una triple conjunción: el órgano sensorial, su objeto y la mente. En la audición, el oído, el sonido y la mente deben reunirse; del mismo modo, en la experiencia del tacto, la forma, el gusto y el olor, la percepción surge sólo cuando la facultad pertinente encuentra su objeto con la participación de la mente. La implicación ética es que la experiencia y la acción no son meros hechos externos, sino que dependen de la atención interior; por ello, el autodominio y la contención consciente son centrales para el dharma.

कर्णःear (sense-organ)
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शब्दःsound (object of hearing)
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चित्तम्mind (cognition)
चित्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचित्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
श्रवण-संग्रहेin the act/occasion of hearing (in auditory apprehension)
श्रवण-संग्रहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण-संग्रह
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
स्पर्शेin touch (tactile apprehension)
स्पर्शे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्पर्श
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
रूपेin form/colour (visual apprehension)
रूपे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तथैवjust so; in the same way
तथैव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा एव
रस-गन्धयोःin taste and smell
रस-गन्धयोः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरस-गन्ध
FormMasculine, Locative, Dual

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Perception is produced only when three factors unite: the sense-organ, the sense-object, and the mind (citta). Therefore, ethical discipline must include governance of attention and mind, not only external restraint.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and inner discipline, Bhishma is teaching principles of how experience arises through the senses, using hearing as the model and extending the same logic to touch, sight, taste, and smell.