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Shloka 53

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

दण्ड: प्रत्ययदृष्टोडपि व्यवहारात्मक: स्मृत: । व्यवहार: स्मृतो यश्चव॒ स वेदविषयात्मक:

daṇḍaḥ pratyayadṛṣṭo 'pi vyavahārātmakaḥ smṛtaḥ | vyavahāraḥ smṛto yaś ca sa vedaviṣayātmakaḥ ||

Bhishma dijo: Aun cuando el castigo (daṇḍa) se perciba sobre la base de la confianza y de una convicción aceptada, debe entenderse como perteneciente al ámbito del procedimiento legal (vyavahāra). Y todo lo que se reconoce como procedimiento legal no está fuera del dominio del Veda: se funda en principios védicos. Así, la aplicación de la ley y la adjudicación social, incluso cuando se apoyan en una creencia verosímil, siguen siendo instrumentos del dharma y no fuerza arbitraria.

दण्डःpunishment; penalty
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्ययदृष्टःseen/known through (grounds of) trust/conviction
प्रत्ययदृष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रत्ययदृष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven; although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
व्यवहारात्मकःhaving the nature of legal procedure/practice
व्यवहारात्मकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यवहारात्मक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis regarded/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु)
FormPerfect passive participle (PPP), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यवहारःlegal procedure; practice; transaction
व्यवहारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis regarded/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु)
FormPerfect passive participle (PPP), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwhich; who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःthat; he/it
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदविषयात्मकःhaving the nature of (being) within the scope of the Veda
वेदविषयात्मकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेदविषयात्मक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
daṇḍa (punishment/royal authority)
V
vyavahāra (legal procedure)
V
Veda

Educational Q&A

Punishment (daṇḍa) and judicial practice (vyavahāra), even when based on credible trust or accepted conviction, are not arbitrary; they are to be treated as dharmic instruments rooted in Vedic authority and meant to uphold order and justice.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and dharma, Bhishma explains to the inquirer that the king’s punitive power and the mechanisms of adjudication belong to the recognized sphere of lawful conduct, and that this sphere is continuous with Vedic norms rather than separate from them.