Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 26
Śalya Installed as Commander; Coalition Agreement and Battle Arrays (शल्यसेनापत्यारोहणं व्यूहवर्णनं च)
“माधव! धृतराष्ट्रपुत्र दुर्योधनने समस्त सेनाओंद्वारा सम्मानित महाधनुर्धर मद्रराज शल्यको सेनापति बनाया है ।।
sañjaya uvāca | mādhava! dhṛtarāṣṭraputro duryodhanena samastasenābhiḥ sammānito mahādhanurdharo madrarājaḥ śalyaḥ senāpatiḥ kṛtaḥ || etaj jñātvā yathābhūtaṃ kuru mādhava yat kṣamam | bhavān netā ca goptā ca vidhatsva yad anantaram iti satyaṃ bravīmy eṣa duryodhana na saṃśayaḥ | ahaṃ raṇabhūmau kuntīputrān sarvān samāgatāṃś ca somakān api vijayiṣyāmi | na saṃśayaḥ | tava senāpatiḥ bhaviṣyāmi tathā ca vyūhaṃ racayiṣyāmi yaṃ śatravo na laṅghayiṣyanti | duryodhana! etat te satyaṃ bravīmi na saṃśayaḥ ||
Dijo Sañjaya: «Oh Mādhava, Duryodhana, hijo de Dhṛtarāṣṭra, ha puesto a Śalya—rey de Madra—como comandante en jefe: un gran arquero, honrado por todo el ejército. Sabiendo esto tal como es, haz lo que convenga, oh Mādhava. Tú eres nuestro guía y protector; por ello, dispone lo que deba hacerse a continuación». «(Śalya declaró a Duryodhana:) “En el campo de batalla venceré a todos los hijos de Kuntī, y aun a los Somakas que se alcen frente a nosotros. De ello no hay duda. Seré tu comandante, y formaré un orden de batalla que el enemigo no podrá franquear. Duryodhana, te digo esto como verdad—sin duda alguna.”»
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage highlights the ethical weight of leadership in war: once a major strategic change occurs (appointment of a new commander), the responsible guide must respond with clear-eyed realism (yathābhūtam) and timely action. It also contrasts sober counsel with the rhetoric of certainty—boasts of inevitable victory and ‘unbreakable’ formations—showing how confidence can become moral and strategic overreach.
Sanjaya reports that Duryodhana has made Shalya, king of Madra, the commander of the Kaurava forces. Sanjaya urges Krishna (Madhava) to recognize the situation accurately and to take whatever steps are appropriate as leader and protector. The verse also conveys Shalya’s assurance to Duryodhana that he will defeat the sons of Kunti and the Somakas and will arrange a battle formation the enemy cannot penetrate.
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