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Shloka 51

भीमसेनस्य कौरवसुतवधः तथा श्रुतर्वावधः

Slaying of Kaurava princes and the fall of Śrutarvā

विवर्णमुख भूयिष्ठम भवत्‌ तावकं बलम्‌ । परिक्षीणायुधान्‌ दृष्टवा तानहं परिवारितान्‌

vivarṇamukha bhūyiṣṭham abhavat tāvakaṁ balam | parikṣīṇāyudhān dṛṣṭvā tān ahaṁ parivāritān |

Dijo Sañjaya: La mayor parte de tu ejército se abatió; sus rostros quedaron descoloridos. Al verlos con las armas agotadas y cercados por todas partes, yo—desprendiéndome del apego a la vida—me uní a otros cuatro grandes guerreros de carro y, junto con las divisiones de elefantes y caballos, entablé combate contra las fuerzas dirigidas por Dhṛṣṭadyumna. La escena muestra cómo la desesperación y el cerco quiebran la moral de un ejército, y aun así cómo los guerreros, atados a su lealtad y a su deber, prosiguen aunque la supervivencia parezca improbable.

विवर्णमुखम्having pale/wan faces
विवर्णमुखम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविवर्णमुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भूयिष्ठम्for the most part, mostly
भूयिष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयिष्ठ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भवत्of you/your
भवत्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
तावकम्your (belonging to you)
तावकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बलम्army, force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परिक्षीणायुधान्whose weapons were exhausted/destroyed
परिक्षीणायुधान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिक्षीणायुध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
तान्those (men)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
परिवारितान्surrounded, encircled
परिवारितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि + वृ (परिवारयति)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee: 'tāvaka')
K
Kaurava army (tāvakaṁ balam)
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
W
weapons (āyudha)
E
elephant division (gaja)
H
horse division (aśva)
F
four mahārathas (mentioned in the gloss, unnamed here)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension of warfare: when fear and defeat spread, a warrior’s chosen duty and loyalty can still compel action. It also shows how attachment to life (jīvitamoha) is consciously set aside in moments of extreme crisis, reflecting the grim resolve expected in kṣatriya conduct.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava troops are largely demoralized, disarmed, and encircled. Seeing this, he describes taking up combat alongside four great chariot-warriors and the elephant-and-horse contingents, fighting against the forces commanded by Dhṛṣṭadyumna.