Shloka 81

Devanagari script

जयं मत्वा विपुलं वै त्वदीया- स्तलान्‌ निजष्नु: सिंहनादांश्व नेदु:

Transliteration

jayaṁ matvā vipulaṁ vai tvadīyās talān nijaṣṇuḥ siṁhanādāṁś ca neduḥ

Translation

Dijo Sañjaya: Creyendo asegurada una gran victoria, tus guerreros golpearon los tambores de guerra y lanzaron rugidos de combate como leones. Embriagados por el triunfo anticipado, proclamaron confianza más que mesura—presagio de cómo el orgullo puede alzarse en medio de la incertidumbre moral de la guerra.

Word by Word

• जयम्: victory
• जयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• मत्वा: having thought/considered
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite

• विपुलम्: great, abundant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विपुल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• त्वदीयाः: your (people/men), belonging to you
• त्वदीयाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वदीय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तलान्: palms/soles (lit. 'tala'); (contextually unclear)
• तलान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• निजघ्नुः: they struck/they slew
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• सिंहनादान्: lion-roars, roars like lions
• सिंहनादान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिंहनाद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नेदुः: they roared/sounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'your')
• Kaurava forces (implied by 'tvadīyāḥ')
• war-drums (talāḥ)
• lion-like battle-cries (siṁhanādāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how certainty of success can inflate pride and noise—symbolized by drums and lion-roars—suggesting that in war, outward confidence may mask inner moral peril; dharma calls for vigilance and humility even amid apparent advantage.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava side, believing a decisive victory to be near, beat their drums and raised loud battle-cries, signaling heightened morale and aggressive momentum on the battlefield.