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Shloka 20

कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna

Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying

दूसरे बहुत-से हाथी बाणोंसे व्यथित और घावोंसे पीड़ित हो भाग चले और कितने ही उस महासमरमें दोनों दाँतों और कुम्भस्थलोंको धरतीपर टेककर धराशायी हो गये ।।

dvitīyā bahavaḥ hastino bāṇair vyathitā vraṇaiś ca pīḍitāḥ palāyanta, kecid asmin mahāsamare ubhābhyāṃ dantābhyāṃ kumbhasthalaiś ca bhūmau nyasya nipetuḥ. vineduḥ siṃhavad anye nadanto bhairavān ravān; bhramur bahavo rājan, śruktūś ca apare gajāḥ.

Dijo Sañjaya: Muchos otros elefantes, atormentados por las flechas y afligidos por sus heridas, huyeron despavoridos; y algunos, en aquella gran batalla, se desplomaron en tierra, sosteniéndose con ambos colmillos y con las protuberancias de la frente (kumbhasthala). Otros rugían como leones, lanzando bramidos terribles; y muchos más, oh Rey, vagaban en confusión, mientras otros gritaban y trompeteaban. La escena subraya el costo moral de la guerra: aun los poderosos, empujados por el miedo y el dolor, quedan reducidos a la impotencia en el caos de la violencia.

विनेदुःroared/sounded
विनेदुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि√नद्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
सिंहवत्like a lion
सिंहवत्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसिंहवत्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नदन्तःroaring
नदन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनदत्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
भैरवान्terrifying
भैरवान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभैरव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रवान्sounds/cries
रवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भश्रमुःwandered/whirled about
भश्रमुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्रुक्तुशुःcried out/shouted
श्रुक्तुशुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गजाःelephants
गजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
E
elephants (gaja/hastin)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
T
tusks (danta)
E
elephant temples/frontal globes (kumbhasthala)
B
battlefield (mahāsamara)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the collateral suffering caused by war: even powerful creatures like war-elephants are broken by pain and fear. It implicitly critiques the dehumanizing (and de-animalizing) force of violence, reminding the listener that martial glory is inseparable from widespread anguish.

Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that many elephants, pierced by arrows and wounded, flee the battlefield; some collapse after bracing their tusks and temple-globes on the ground. Others roar like lions, while many stagger about in confusion and cry out loudly amid the tumult.