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Shloka 20

कर्णार्जुनयुद्ध-प्रवृत्तिः

Renewal of the Karṇa–Arjuna Engagement at Day’s End

चलत्पताकै: सुमुखैहेमकक्षातनुच्छदै: । मिमर्दिषन्तस्त्वरिता: प्रदीप्तैरिव पर्वतै:,उन हाथियोंपर पताकाएँ फहरा रही थीं। उनके मुख बहुत सुन्दर थे। उनको कसनेके लिये बनी हुई रस्सी और कवच सुवर्णमय थे। वे प्रज्वलित पर्वतोंके समान जान पड़ते थे। उन हाथियोंके द्वारा नकुलको कुचलवा देनेकी इच्छा रखकर मेकल, उत्कल, कलिंग, निषध तथा ताग्रलिप्तदेशीय योद्धा बड़ी उतावलीके साथ बाणों और तोमरोंकी वर्षा कर रहे थे। वे सब-के-सब उन्हें मार डालनेको उतारू थे

calatpatākaiḥ sumukhair hemakakṣā-tanucchadaiḥ | mimardiṣantaḥ tvaritāḥ pradīptair iva parvataiḥ ||

Sañjaya dijo: «Con estandartes ondeando, de rostros hermosos, y con cinchas y arreos protectores de oro, los elefantes se lanzaron hacia delante con intención de aplastar, como montañas en llamas que se ponen en movimiento. Deseosos de que Nakula fuese hollado bajo sus patas, los guerreros de Mekala, Utkala, Kaliṅga, Niṣadha y la región de Tāmralipta se apresuraron a descargar una lluvia de flechas y jabalinas; todos estaban resueltos a matarlo».

चलत्-पताकैःwith (those) having fluttering banners
चलत्-पताकैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootचलत्पताका
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
सुमुखैःwith beautiful faces/muzzles
सुमुखैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमुख
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
हेमकक्षातनुच्छदैःwith golden girths/ropes and body-armour/coverings
हेमकक्षातनुच्छदैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootहेमकक्षा-तनुच्छद
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
मिमर्दिषन्तःcrushing, trampling
मिमर्दिषन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootमृद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active
त्वरिताःhastened, impetuous
त्वरिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रदीप्तैःwith blazing (ones)
प्रदीप्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रदीप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
पर्वतैःwith mountains
पर्वतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
N
Nakula
E
elephants
B
banners (patākā)
G
golden girths/straps (hema-kakṣā)
P
protective trappings (tanucchada)
A
arrows (iṣu/bāṇa)
J
javelins (tomara)
M
Mekala
U
Utkala
K
Kaliṅga
N
Niṣadha
T
Tāmralipta

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the moral atmosphere of war: collective intent hardens into a single-minded drive to destroy an opponent. By portraying attackers as ‘all bent on killing,’ it highlights how battlefield zeal can eclipse restraint, reminding readers that adharma often manifests first as intention (saṅkalpa) before action.

Sañjaya describes a coordinated assault on Nakula. Armoured, bannered elephants surge forward to trample him, while allied regional warriors (Mekala, Utkala, Kaliṅga, Niṣadha, Tāmralipta) hurry to support the charge by raining arrows and javelins, aiming to kill Nakula.