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Mahabharata — Drona Parva, Shloka 26

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 107: Karṇa–Bhīma Saṃmarda

Arrow-storm Engagement

यथा श्वेतो महानागो देवराजचमूं तथा । नागो मणिमयो राज्ञो ध्वज: कनकसंवृत:

sañjaya uvāca |

yathā śveto mahānāgo devarājacamūṃ tathā |

nāgo maṇimayo rājño dhvajaḥ kanakasaṃvṛtaḥ ||

Dijo Sañjaya: Así como el gran elefante blanco Airāvata engalana el ejército del rey de los dioses, del mismo modo destacaba el estandarte del rey Duryodhana—cubierto de oro—señalado con el emblema de un elefante señorial, cual joya. El verso subraya que el poder real en la guerra se exhibe mediante símbolos destinados a alentar a los propios y a sobrecoger al enemigo; pero tal esplendor es moralmente neutro y depende de la rectitud de la causa a la que sirve.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
श्वेतःwhite
श्वेतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महानागःgreat elephant
महानागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहानाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवराजचमूम्the army of the king of gods
देवराजचमूम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवराजचमू
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नागःelephant
नागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मणिमयःmade of gems
मणिमयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमणिमय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ध्वजःbanner, flag
ध्वजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कनकसंवृतःcovered with gold
कनकसंवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकनकसंवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
D
Devarāja (Indra)
A
Airāvata (white elephant of Indra)
D
Dhvaja (royal standard/banner)
E
Elephant emblem

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how outward grandeur—banners, emblems, and comparisons to divine symbols—functions to project authority and morale in war; ethically, such splendor is not itself dharma, but a tool whose value depends on the righteousness of the side that wields it.

Sañjaya describes Duryodhana’s banner on the battlefield, saying it was gold-covered and distinguished by an elephant emblem, likening its prominence to Airāvata adorning Indra’s army.