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Shloka 11

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

पूर्णायतविसृष्टेन सम्यक्‌ प्रणिहितेन च । ध्वजमेकेन विव्याध जाम्बूनदपरिष्कृतम्‌,तत्पश्चात्‌ धनुषको अच्छी तरह खींचकर पूरे मनोयोगसे चलाये हुए एक बाणके द्वारा उनके सुवर्ण-भूषित ध्वजको भी छेद डाला

sañjaya uvāca | pūrṇāyatavisṛṣṭena samyak praṇihitena ca | dhvajam ekena vivyādha jāmbūnadapariṣkṛtam |

Sañjaya dijo: Con una sola flecha—tensada hasta el límite, soltada y dirigida con perfecta firmeza—atravesó el estandarte adornado con oro de Jāmbūnada. La escena subraya el dominio disciplinado del guerrero: poder gobernado por el control y destreza empleada con intención deliberada en medio de la gravedad moral de la batalla.

पूर्णायतfully stretched (to full length)
पूर्णायत:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्णायत (विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
विसृष्टेनreleased, shot
विसृष्टेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविसृष्ट (वि+सृज्, क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
सम्यक्properly, well
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक् (अव्यय)
प्रणिहितेनaimed/placed (with attention)
प्रणिहितेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रणिहित (प्र+नि+धा, क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
ध्वजम्banner, flag
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एकेनwith one (single)
एकेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
विव्याधpierced
विव्याध:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध् (वि+व्यध्)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
जाम्बूनदwith gold (jāmbūnada-gold)
जाम्बूनद:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootजाम्बूनद (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
परिष्कृतम्adorned, decorated
परिष्कृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिष्कृत (परि+कृ, क्त-प्रत्यय)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
dhvaja (battle-standard/banner)
J
jāmbūnada (gold)

Educational Q&A

Even in warfare, effectiveness is portrayed as arising from disciplined control—full effort (pūrṇāyata) joined to precise attention (samyak praṇihita). The verse highlights mastery governed by focus rather than impulsive violence.

Sañjaya describes a warrior shooting a single, fully drawn and carefully aimed arrow that pierces an opponent’s banner decorated with fine Jāmbūnada gold—an emblematic strike demonstrating prowess and dominance on the battlefield.