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Shloka 18

Sainyavinyāsa–Lakṣaṇa (Disposition of Armies and Battlefield Omens) | सैन्यविन्यास–लक्षणम्

संव्यूह् मानुषं व्यूहं दैवं गान्धर्वमासुरम्‌ दिवसे दिवसे प्राप्ते भीष्म: शान्तनवोडग्रणी:,शान्तनुनन्दन सेनापति भीष्म प्रत्येक दिन मानुष, दैव, गान्धर्व और आसुर प्रणालीके अनुसार व्यूह-रचना करके सेनाके अग्रभागमें स्थित होते थे। भीष्मद्वारा रचित कौरवसेनाका वह व्यूह महारथियोंके समुदायसे सम्पन्न हो समुद्रके समान गर्जना करता था। युद्धमें उसका मुख पश्चिमकी ओर था

saṃvyūhya mānuṣaṃ vyūhaṃ daivaṃ gāndharvam āsuram | divase divase prāpte bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavo 'grāṇīḥ ||

Sañjaya dijo: Con cada día que amanecía, Bhīṣma—hijo de Śāntanu y el más preeminente entre los caudillos—disponía las fuerzas de los Kaurava en formaciones sucesivas: humana, divina, de los gandharvas y demoníaca. Así se mantenía al frente del ejército, trazando la estrategia de la jornada y marcando el curso del conflicto con orden disciplinado y un poder marcial abrumador.

संव्यूह्यhaving arrayed/formed (a battle-array)
संव्यूह्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+व्यूह्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)
मानुषम्human (type)
मानुषम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमानुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यूहम्battle-array, formation
व्यूहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दैवम्divine (type)
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गान्धर्वम्gandharva (type)
गान्धर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगान्धर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आसुरम्asuric/demonic (type)
आसुरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआसुर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दिवसेon a day
दिवसे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दिवसेon (each) day
दिवसे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्राप्तेwhen (the day) had arrived
प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+आप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), locative absolute, Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शान्तनवःson/descendant of Shantanu
शान्तनवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्रणीःleader, foremost one
अग्रणीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्रणी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
K
Kaurava army
V
vyūha (battle formation)
G
Gandharvas
A
Asuras

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined leadership and strategic order in war: day by day, the commander adapts formations to circumstances. Ethically, it underscores the kṣatriya sphere where duty is carried out through organization and resolve, even amid morally fraught conflict.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Bhīṣma, leading the Kauravas, arranges the army each day in different named formations—human, divine, gandharva, and asura—taking position at the front as the battle’s guiding commander.