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Shloka 3

भीष्मस्य शरवर्षः — Bhīṣma’s Arrow-Storm and Kṛṣṇa’s Impulse to Intervene

भीष्मेण सहिता: सर्वे पुत्रैश्न॒ तव भारत । अग्रतः सर्वसैन्यानां व्यूहस्य प्रमुखे स्थिता:

sañjaya uvāca | bhīṣmeṇa sahitāḥ sarve putraiś ca tava bhārata | agrataḥ sarvasainyānāṁ vyūhasya pramukhe sthitāḥ | kṛpācāryaḥ kṛtavarmā mahārathaḥ śaibyaḥ śakuniḥ sindhurājaḥ jayadrathaḥ tathā kāmbojarājaḥ sudakṣiṇaḥ—ete sarve nareśā bhīṣmeṇa tava putraiś ca saha samasta-senāyāḥ purataḥ vyūhasya pramukha-bhāge tiṣṭhanti |

Sañjaya dijo: Oh Bharata, todos tus hijos, junto con Bhīṣma, se hallaban en la vanguardia de todo el ejército, en la parte más adelantada de la formación. Allí estaban también Kripa, el preceptor; Kṛtavarman; el gran guerrero de carro Śaibya; Śakuni; Jayadratha, rey de Sindhu; y Sudakṣiṇa, rey de Kamboja. Estos soberanos, alineados con Bhīṣma y con tus hijos, ocuparon su puesto a la cabeza de la hueste, donde el mando y la carga de la violencia venidera se soportan de modo más directo.

भीष्मेणby/with Bhishma
भीष्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
सहिताःaccompanied, together (with)
सहिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्रैःwith (your) sons
पुत्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तवyour
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
भारतO Bharata (Dhritarashtra)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अग्रतःin front, at the forefront
अग्रतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्रतः
सर्वसैन्यानाम्of all the armies
सर्वसैन्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
व्यूहस्यof the battle-array
व्यूहस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रमुखेin the front/foremost part
प्रमुखे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमुख
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
स्थिताःstood, were stationed
स्थिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
धृतराष्ट्र (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) [implied by 'tava']
भारत (Bhārata—address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
भीष्म (Bhīṣma)
कौरवपुत्राः / धृतराष्ट्रपुत्राः (sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
कृपाचार्य (Kṛpācārya / Kṛpa)
कृतवर्मा (Kṛtavarmā)
शैब्य (Śaibya)
शकुनि (Śakuni)
जयद्रथ (Jayadratha)
सिन्धुराज (Sindhurāja—king of Sindhu, i.e., Jayadratha)
सुदक्षिण (Sudakṣiṇa)
काम्बोज (Kāmboja)
व्यूह (battle formation)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that those who stand at the head of an army—especially elders, teachers, and kings—bear heightened moral responsibility. Strategic placement is not merely tactical; it signals who assumes leadership in initiating and sustaining the violence of war, thereby intensifying the ethical weight of their choices.

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that Bhishma, together with Dhritarashtra’s sons and key allied rulers and warriors (Kripa, Kritavarman, Shaibya, Shakuni, Jayadratha, Sudakshina), has taken position at the very front and leading section of the Kaurava battle-array, indicating readiness and command at the opening of engagement.