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Shloka 14

Putra-Bheda: Kṣetraja, Kṛtaka, Apasada, and Saṃskāra Determinations (पुत्रभेद-निर्णयः)

पिता रक्षति कौमारे भर्ता रक्षति यौवने । पुत्राश्न॒ स्थाविरे भावे न स्त्री स्वातन्त्रयमहति,कुमारावस्थामें स्त्रीकी रक्षा उसका पिता करता है, जवानीमें पति उसका रक्षक है और वृद्धावस्थामें पुत्रणजण उसकी रक्षा करते हैं। अतः स्त्रीको कभी स्वतन्त्र नहीं करना चाहिये

pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvanae | putrā rakṣanti sthāvire bhāve na strī svātantryam arhati ||

Bhīṣma dijo: “En la niñez, una mujer es protegida por su padre; en la juventud, por su esposo; y en la vejez, por sus hijos. Por ello, no se considera que una mujer sea apta para una autonomía independiente.”

पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कौमारेin childhood
कौमारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकौमार
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भर्ताhusband
भर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रक्षतिprotects
रक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यौवनेin youth
यौवने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयौवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रक्षन्तिprotect
रक्षन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
स्थाविरेin old age
स्थाविरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थाविर
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भावेin the condition/state
भावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्त्रीwoman
स्त्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्वातन्त्र्यम्independence
स्वातन्त्र्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वातन्त्र्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्हतिdeserves/is entitled to
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
F
father
H
husband
S
sons
W
woman

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a normative dharma-based social model in which a woman’s welfare is framed as being ensured through guardianship—father in childhood, husband in youth, and sons in old age—thereby asserting limited personal autonomy within that traditional framework.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and social conduct. Here he states a rule-like maxim about household and social guardianship roles across stages of life.