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Shloka 13

अध्रुवो हि कथं लोक: स्मृतो धर्म: कथं ध्रुव: । यत्र कालो ध्रुवस्तात तत्र धर्म: सनातन:

adhruvo hi kathaṁ lokaḥ smṛto dharmaḥ kathaṁ dhruvaḥ | yatra kālo dhruvas tāta tatra dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ||

Bhīṣma dijo: «Si los mundos se recuerdan como impermanentes, ¿cómo puede llamarse permanente al dharma? Pero, hijo mío, allí donde el Tiempo (Kāla) mismo es la realidad fija e infalible, allí el dharma es eterno». En intención ética, Bhīṣma señala que, aunque los frutos buscados en ámbitos transitorios pueden perecer, el dharma—fundado en el orden certero del Tiempo y de lo real—permanece constante; cuando se practica sin aferrarse a recompensas perecederas, conduce más allá de lo inestable hacia lo verdaderamente perdurable.

अध्रुवःimpermanent, unstable
अध्रुवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअध्रुव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
लोकःworld; realm
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis said/remembered (as)
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (participial)
धर्मःdharma; righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
ध्रुवःpermanent, fixed
ध्रुवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootध्रुव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
कालःtime
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ध्रुवःcertain; fixed; inevitable
ध्रुवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootध्रुव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one; son (vocative address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सनातनःeternal
सनातनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसनातन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तातdear one; son (vocative address)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
Time (Kāla)
L
loka (world/realm)
D
dharma

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma distinguishes between impermanent destinations (lokas) and the permanence of dharma: worldly or heavenly results can be transient, but dharma as the sustaining moral-cosmic order is constant, rooted in the unfailing principle of Time. Practiced without attachment to perishable rewards, dharma aligns one with what is truly enduring.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma answers a doubt (implicitly from Yudhiṣṭhira) about how dharma can be called eternal if it seems to yield impermanent fruits like heaven. He responds by grounding dharma’s eternality in the deeper order governed by Kāla (Time), implying that the intention and orientation of practice determine whether one attains transient or enduring ends.