Shloka 110

Devadāru (Dāruvana) Forest: The Delusion of Ritual Pride, the Liṅga Crisis, and the Teaching of Jñāna–Pāśupata Yoga

Devanagari script

विभीषणाय रुद्राय नमस्ते कृत्तिवाससे / नमस्ते लेलिहानाय शितिकण्ठाय ते नमः

Transliteration

vibhīṣaṇāya rudrāya namaste kṛttivāsase / namaste lelihānāya śitikaṇṭhāya te namaḥ

Translation

Salve a Ti, Rudra temible y majestuoso, oh portador del vestido de piel. Salve a Ti, que ardes como fuego devorador; salve a Ti, oh Śitikaṇṭha, el de la garganta azul: una y otra vez, mi homenaje a Ti.

Word by Word

• विभीषणाय: to the terrifying one
• विभीषणाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विभीषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; विशेषण (terrible/awesome)

• रुद्राय: to Rudra
• रुद्राय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sambodhana/Address (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, नमस्कारार्थक-निपात

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; enclitic form

• कृत्ति-वाससे: to the hide-clad one
• कृत्ति-वाससे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + वासस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष—‘कृत्तिः वासः यस्य’ (one whose garment is a hide)

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sambodhana/Address (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, नमस्कारार्थक-निपात

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; enclitic form

• लेलिहानाय: to the licking one (tongue-flashing)
• लेलिहानाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लेलिहान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √लिह्)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle), परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; विशेषण—‘लिहन्’ (licking)

• शिति-कण्ठाय: to the blue-throated one
• शिति-कण्ठाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिति (प्रातिपदिक) + कण्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; कर्मधारय—‘शितिः (नीलः/धवलः) कण्ठः यस्य’ (blue/ashen-throated)

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; enclitic form

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sambodhana/Address (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, नमस्कारार्थक-निपात

Speaker

A devotee/narrative voice offering a hymn of praise to Rudra (within the Kurma Purana’s Śaiva-Vaiṣṇava synthesis framework)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Characters & Entities

• Rudra
• Shiva

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By praising Rudra through multiple epithets (terrifying, skin-clad ascetic, flaming power, blue-throated), the verse implies one Supreme reality manifesting diverse cosmic functions—ascetic transcendence and world-protecting immanence—pointing to a single Lord as the inner Self behind opposites.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse functions as japa-oriented stuti: meditative repetition of divine names (nāma-smaraṇa) to concentrate the mind on Īśvara’s attributes—fearsome power (vibhīṣaṇa), tapas/renunciation (kṛttivāsa), and transformative inner fire (lelihāna)—supporting Pāśupata-style devotion, purification, and one-pointed contemplation.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

Within the Kurma Purana’s synthetic theology, such Rudra-praise is not sectarian rivalry but recognition of Īśvara’s unified sovereignty: Śiva is adored as the same supreme Lord whose worship aligns with Vaiṣṇava devotion, reinforcing the text’s non-competitive Shaiva–Vaishnava harmony.