Shloka 44

Daily Duties of Brāhmaṇas: Snāna, Sandhyā, Sūrya-hṛdaya, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and the Pañca-mahāyajñas

Devanagari script

नमः सूर्याय रुद्राय भास्वते परमेष्ठिने / उग्राय सर्वभक्ताय त्वां प्रपद्ये सदैव हि

Transliteration

namaḥ sūryāya rudrāya bhāsvate parameṣṭhine / ugrāya sarvabhaktāya tvāṃ prapadye sadaiva hi

Translation

Saludo a Sūrya—que es Rudra—resplandeciente y supremo. Al Señor feroz, devoto de todos (benévolo con todos), en Ti me refugio, ciertamente, por siempre.

Word by Word

• namaḥ: salutation
• namaḥ: Sambodhana/Address (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: namas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative (1st), Singular; salutation formula

• sūryāya: to Sūrya
• sūryāya: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th), Singular

• rudrāya: to Rudra
• rudrāya: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th), Singular

• bhāsvate: to the radiant one
• bhāsvate: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhāsvat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th), Singular

• parameṣṭhine: to the Supreme One (Parameṣṭhin)
• parameṣṭhine: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama + iṣṭhin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th), Singular; कर्मधारय: 'paramaḥ iṣṭhī' (the highest-situated)

• ugrāya: to the fierce one
• ugrāya: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ugra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th), Singular

• sarvabhaktāya: to the one worshipped by all devotees
• sarvabhaktāya: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva + bhakta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'sarveṣāṃ bhaktaḥ' / 'sarvaiḥ bhaktaḥ' (devoted by all / having all as devotees; epithet)

• tvām: you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Accusative (2nd), Singular

• prapadye: I take refuge in
• prapadye: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + pad (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ/Present, 1st person, Singular; Ātmanepada

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण)

• eva: indeed; just
• eva: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) of emphasis

• hi: indeed; for
• hi: Nipāta (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) giving emphasis/causal nuance

Speaker

A devotee/narratorial stuti within the Purva-bhaga’s devotional context (Solar-Rudra praise)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Surya
• Rudra
• Parameṣṭhin

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

By addressing Sūrya as Rudra and “Parameṣṭhin,” the verse points to a single supreme reality manifesting through divine forms; surrender is directed to that highest Lord beyond sectarian separation.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The practice emphasized is prapatti—steady refuge and surrender (“tvāṃ prapadye sadaiva”), a bhakti-based discipline aligned with Purāṇic yoga where remembrance and devotion become a continuous inner orientation.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It models the Kurma Purana’s integrative theology by identifying Sūrya with Rudra and praising one supreme Lord through multiple names—supporting a non-sectarian, unity-focused reading often used to harmonize Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava devotion.