Shloka 75

Kāraṇānvēṣaṇam: The 32 Marks of Hari, Defects (Doṣas), Death-Omens, and Hari’s Omnipresence in Social & Household Life

मित्रैर्हरिः केशवाख्यो मुकुन्दो भुङ्क्ते दत्तं त्वन्नप्रानादिकं च / पूर्वं दद्यात्सर्वदा वै गृहस्थो धन्यो भवेदन्यथा व्यर्थमेव

mitrairhariḥ keśavākhyo mukundo bhuṅkte dattaṃ tvannaprānādikaṃ ca / pūrvaṃ dadyātsarvadā vai gṛhastho dhanyo bhavedanyathā vyarthameva

Hari—conocido como Keśava, Mukunda—participa (por las bocas de los huéspedes y amigos) del alimento, el agua y las demás ofrendas que sostienen la vida y que se entregan. Por ello, el cabeza de familia debe dar siempre primero; entonces es verdaderamente bendito—de otro modo, todo es en vano.

mitraiḥwith friends
mitraiḥ:
Sahakari (सहकारी/सह)
TypeNoun
Rootmitra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)
hariḥHari
hariḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothari (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular
keśava-ākhyaḥcalled Keshava
keśava-ākhyaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkeśava (प्रातिपदिक) + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘named Keśava’ (आख्याप्रत्ययार्थ)
mukundaḥMukunda
mukundaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmukunda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular
bhuṅkteeats/enjoys
bhuṅkte:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhuj (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd person, Singular
dattamgiven (offered)
dattam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootdā (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative (2), Singular; agrees with implied ‘anna/food’
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात), contrast/emphasis
anna-prāṇa-ādikamfood, vital necessities, etc.
anna-prāṇa-ādikam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanna (प्रातिपदिक) + prāṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ādika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘food, life(-support) etc.’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)
pūrvamfirst/beforehand
pūrvam:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण)
dadyātshould give
dadyāt:
Vidhi-kriya (विधिक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
sarvadāalways
sarvadā:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvadā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
gṛhasthaḥthe householder
gṛhasthaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgṛhastha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular
dhanyaḥblessed/fortunate
dhanyaḥ:
Karta-pravacaniya (कर्तृसम्बन्ध/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhanya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1), Singular; predicate adjective
bhavetwould become
bhavet:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (धातु)
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
anyathāotherwise
anyathā:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanyathā (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (प्रकारवाचक)
vyarthamin vain
vyartham:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvyartha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAdverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषण)
evaonly/indeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormRestrictive/emphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक निपात)

Lord Vishnu (Hari) instructing Garuda (Vinata-putra), in the didactic discourse of the Preta Kanda

Concept: अतिथि-मित्र-सेवा द्वारा अन्नदानं विष्ण्वर्पणम्; गृहस्थः प्रथमं दद्यात्।

Vedantic Theme: Īśvara as antaryāmin receiving offerings through beings; karma becomes meaningful when aligned with dharma and devotion.

Application: Serve guests/friends before oneself; keep a daily habit of food/water charity; cultivate the intention that the recipient is a locus of Hari.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Type: domestic sacred space

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.22.76 (regular giving pleases Vishnu); Garuda Purana 3.22.77 (Vasudeva present in the home)

H
Hari (Vishnu)
K
Keśava
M
Mukunda
G
Gṛhastha (householder)
M
Mitra (friends/guests)

FAQs

This verse states that when a householder gives food and life-supporting necessities first, that giving is spiritually received by Hari; such giving makes the householder truly blessed, while withholding makes one’s consumption spiritually fruitless.

It teaches a devotional lens: Vishnu partakes of what is offered through the medium of friends/guests, so serving them becomes an indirect offering to Hari (Keśava, Mukunda).

Before eating or prioritizing personal comfort, set aside a portion for guests, the needy, or service—treating anna-dāna and basic support as a daily dharmic practice.