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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 31

Rāhu, Eclipses, Antarikṣa, and the Seven Subterranean Heavens

Bila-svarga

ततोऽधस्तात्पाताले नागलोकपतयो वासुकिप्रमुखा: शङ्खकुलिकमहाशङ्खश्वेतधनञ्जयधृतराष्ट्रशङ्खचूडकम्बलाश्वतरदेवदत्तादयो महाभोगिनो महामर्षा निवसन्ति येषामु ह वै पञ्चसप्तदशशतसहस्रशीर्षाणां फणासु विरचिता महामणयो रोचिष्णव: पातालविवरतिमिरनिकरं स्वरोचिषा विधमन्ति ॥ ३१ ॥

tato ’dhastāt pātāle nāga-loka-patayo vāsuki-pramukhāḥ śaṅkha-kulika-mahāśaṅkha-śveta-dhanañjaya-dhṛtarāṣṭra-śaṅkhacūḍa-kambalāśvatara-devadattādayo mahā-bhogino mahāmarṣā nivasanti yeṣām u ha vai pañca-sapta-daśa-śata-sahasra-śīrṣāṇāṁ phaṇāsu viracitā mahā-maṇayo rociṣṇavaḥ pātāla-vivara-timira-nikaraṁ sva-rociṣā vidhamanti.

Debajo de Rasātala está Pātāla o Nāgaloka, donde habitan los señores de los nāgas, encabezados por Vāsuki: Śaṅkha, Kulika, Mahāśaṅkha, Śveta, Dhanañjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Śaṅkhacūḍa, Kambala, Aśvatara, Devadatta y otros. Son serpientes poderosas y coléricas, con innumerables capuchas: unas cinco, otras siete, otras diez, otras cien y otras mil. En sus capuchas brillan grandes gemas, cuya luz disipa la oscuridad de Pātāla.

tataḥthen
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, क्रमवाचक
adhastātbelow
adhastāt:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadhastāt (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, देशवाचक
pātālein Pātāla
pātāle:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpātāla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
nāga-loka-patayaḥlords of the Nāga world
nāga-loka-patayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnāga (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक) + pati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘nāgānāṃ lokaḥ’ + ‘tasya patayaḥ’
vāsuki-pramukhāḥwith Vāsuki as the chief
vāsuki-pramukhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāsuki (प्रातिपदिक) + pramukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘vāsukiḥ pramukhaḥ yeṣām’
śaṅkha-kulika-mahāśaṅkha-śveta-dhanañjaya-dhṛtarāṣṭra-śaṅkhacūḍa-kambala-aśvatara-devadatta-ādayaḥŚaṅkha, Kulika, Mahāśaṅkha, Śveta, Dhanañjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Śaṅkhacūḍa, Kambala, Aśvatara, Devadatta, etc.
śaṅkha-kulika-mahāśaṅkha-śveta-dhanañjaya-dhṛtarāṣṭra-śaṅkhacūḍa-kambala-aśvatara-devadatta-ādayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśaṅkha + kulika + mahāśaṅkha + śveta + dhanañjaya + dhṛtarāṣṭra + śaṅkhacūḍa + kambala + aśvatara + devadatta + ādi (सर्वे प्रातिपदिकाः; ādi = etc.)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (list of names) with ādayaḥ
mahā-bhoginaḥvery mighty/with great coils
mahā-bhoginaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhogin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
mahā-marṣāḥvery irascible
mahā-marṣāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + marṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
nivasantithey dwell
nivasanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni+vas (धातु)
Formलट्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद
yeṣāmof whom
yeṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी, बहुवचन, पुंलिङ्ग
uindeed (particle)
u:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण-भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, पादपूरण/उत्कर्षार्थक
haindeed (particle)
ha:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण-भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, स्मरण/निश्चयार्थक (particle)
vaicertainly
vai:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण-भाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निश्चयार्थक
pañca-sapta-daśa-śata-sahasra-śīrṣāṇāmof (those) having thousands/hundreds/tens/sevens/fives of heads (many-headed)
pañca-sapta-daśa-śata-sahasra-śīrṣāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootpañca + sapta + daśa + śata + sahasra (संख्या-प्रातिपदिकाः) + śīrṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; द्विगु-समासः (numeral compound) qualifying ‘śīrṣa’
phaṇāsuon their hoods
phaṇāsu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootphaṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन
viracitāḥarranged/placed
viracitāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootvi+rac (धातु)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
mahā-maṇayaḥgreat gems
mahā-maṇayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + maṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
rociṣṇavaḥshining
rociṣṇavaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootrociṣṇu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
pātāla-vivara-timira-nikaramthe mass of darkness in the caves of Pātāla
pātāla-vivara-timira-nikaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpātāla (प्रातिपदिक) + vivara (प्रातिपदिक) + timira (प्रातिपदिक) + nikara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘pātālasya vivare timirasya nikaraḥ’
sva-rociṣāby their own radiance
sva-rociṣā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsva (प्रातिपदिक) + rocis (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः—‘svā rociḥ’
vidhamantithey dispel/blow away
vidhamanti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvi+dhmā (धातु)
Formलट्, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports of the Fifth Canto, Twenty-fourth Chapter, of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, entitled “The Subterranean Heavenly Planets.”

V
Vāsuki
Ś
Śaṅkha
K
Kulika
M
Mahāśaṅkha
Ś
Śveta
D
Dhanañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Nāga)
Ś
Śaṅkhacūḍa
K
Kambala
A
Aśvatara
D
Devadatta

FAQs

This verse says that below the preceding regions lies Pātāla, inhabited by powerful Nāga rulers led by Vāsuki, whose radiant hood-jewels illuminate and dispel the darkness of Pātāla’s caverns.

In the Fifth Canto’s cosmology, Śukadeva systematically narrates the structure of the universe (including lower realms) to broaden Parīkṣit’s understanding of the Lord’s creation and governance beyond the earthly plane.

Just as the Nāga-jewels remove Pātāla’s darkness by their own light, devotion and true knowledge illuminate the heart from within, clearing ignorance without dependence on external validation.