काष्ठलोहमणिमयं रज्जुचर्ममृण्मयं सूत्रवल्करोममयं वा जात्यमित्यजात्यं विक्रयाधानं नयतो मूल्याष्टगुणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.१५ ॥
kāṣṭhalohamaṇimayaṃ rajjucarmamṛṇmayaṃ sūtravalkaromamayaṃ vā jātyam ity ajātyaṃ vikrayādhānaṃ nayato mūlyāṣṭaguṇo daṇḍaḥ
Si alguien, en una venta o prenda, presenta como genuino (de calidad estándar) lo que no lo es—ya sea de madera, metal, gemas, cuerda, cuero, arcilla, hilo, corteza o lana—la pena es ocho veces el valor.
Because misrepresentation harms not only buyers but also credit and collateral markets; the state protects transactional trust in both.
A value-multiplier (8×) makes fraud economically irrational even when detection probability is imperfect.