Sutra 12

Devanagari script

कालकूटवत्सनाभहालाहलमेषशृङ्गमुस्ताकुष्ठमहाविषवेल्लितकगौरार्द्रबालकमार्कटहैमवतकालिङ्गकदारदकाङ्कोलसारकोष्ट्रकादीनि विषाणि सर्पाः कीटाश्च त एव कुम्भगताः विषवर्गः ॥ कZ_०२.१७.१२ ॥

Transliteration

kālakūṭavatsanābhahālāhalameṣaśṛṅgamustākuṣṭhamahāviṣavellitakagaurārdrabālakamārkaṭahaimavatakāliṅgakadāradakāṅkolasārakoṣṭrakādīni viṣāṇi sarpāḥ kīṭāś ca ta eva kumbhagatāḥ viṣavargaḥ

Translation

Kālakūṭa, vatsanābha, hālāhala, meṣaśṛṅga, mustā, kuṣṭha, mahāviṣa, vellitaka, gaura, ārdrabālaka, mārkaṭa, haimavata, kāliṅga, dārada, kāṅkola, sāraka, koṣṭraka y otros semejantes—junto con serpientes e insectos de esas mismas clases cuando se guardan en vasijas—constituyen la «categoría de venenos».

Word by Word

• कालकूटवत्सनाभहालाहलमेषशृङ्गमुस्ताकुष्ठमहाविषवेल्लितकगौरार्द्रबालकमार्कटहैमवतकालिङ्गकदारदकाङ्कोलसारकोष्ट्रकादीनि: (the following) poisons: kālakūṭa, vatsanābha, hālāhala, meṣaśṛṅga, mustā, kuṣṭha, mahāviṣa, vellitaka, gaura, ārdrabālaka, mārkaṭa, haimavata, kāliṅga, dārada, kāṅkola, sāra, koṣṭraka, etc.
• Type: Noun
• Root: (समास; बहूनि नामपदानि)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया बहुवचन; ‘विषाणि’ इत्यस्य विशेषणरूपेण सूची

• विषाणि: poisons
• Type: Noun
• Root: √विष् (हिंसायाम्) → विष (नाम)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• सर्पाः: snakes
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्प (नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• कीटाः: insects
• Type: Noun
• Root: कीट (नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• ते: those
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘सर्पाः कीटाः’ इत्यस्य निर्देशः

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय

• कुम्भगताः: kept/placed in a jar (jar-contained)
• Type: Participle
• Root: √गम् (गतौ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) ‘गत’

• विषवर्गः: the class/category of poisons
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ग (नाम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• kālakūṭa
• vatsanābha
• hālāhala
• meṣaśṛṅga
• mustā
• kuṣṭha
• mahāviṣa
• vellitaka
• gaura
• ārdrabālaka
• mārkaṭa
• haimavata
• kāliṅga
• dārada
• kāṅkola
• sāraka
• koṣṭraka
• sarpāḥ (snakes)
• kīṭāḥ (insects)

More Details

FAQs

Why mention ‘kumbhagatāḥ’ (kept in jars) for snakes/insects?

It signals custody and containment: dangerous biological agents are treated as inventory only when secured, enabling accountability and preventing misuse.

What governance risk is being managed by a ‘viṣa-varga’?

Assassination, sabotage, and accidental poisoning; classification supports licensing, guarded storage, and audit of withdrawals.