Agni Purana — Sahitya-shastra, Shloka 23
Chapter 342: शब्दालङ्काराः
Verbal/Sound-based Ornaments
समस्या सप्त तद्भेदा नानार्थस्यानुयोगतः यत्र प्रदीयते तुल्यवर्णविन्यासमुत्तरं
samasyā sapta tadbhedā nānārthasyānuyogataḥ yatra pradīyate tulyavarṇavinyāsamuttaraṃ
La ‘samasyā’ poética es de siete clases, distinguidas según el estímulo de una expresión polisémica; es decir, aquella en la que se aporta una respuesta con una disposición de letras idéntica (en patrón) a las palabras dadas.
Lord Agni (teaching the sage Vasiṣṭha)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Vyakarana","practical_application":"Used in poetic competitions and pedagogy: given a prompt with polysemy, the respondent must craft an answer matching a specified letter-pattern, training lexical mastery, phonotactics, and compositional speed.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Definition","entry_title":"Samasyā (Poetic Problem) — Sevenfold Types and Tulyavarṇa-vinyāsa Answering","lookup_keywords":["samasyā","saptabheda","nānārtha","anuyoga","tulyavarṇa-vinyāsa"],"quick_summary":"Samasyā is a structured poetic challenge with seven varieties; one key form requires supplying an answer whose letter-arrangement mirrors the given prompt, often leveraging polysemous cues."}
Alamkara Type: Citra/Śleṣa-adjacent puzzle-technique (constraint-based composition)
Concept: Rule-governed creativity: linguistic constraints (sound/letter patterns) can generate higher artistry and sharpen semantic discrimination.
Application: In classroom/sabhā, set a samasyā with a polysemous trigger-word; require the respondent to keep the same varṇa-pattern while shifting meaning—training both śabda and artha control.
Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra (Kavya, Chandas, Alankara, and lexical-poetic techniques)
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: vīra
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A teacher sets a samasyā on a palm-leaf: a prompt word with many meanings; a student writes an answer line beneath it, carefully matching the letter-pattern like a mirrored lattice.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, guru and śiṣya in a learning hall, palm-leaf manuscript with highlighted repeating letter-grid, stylized lattice motif behind them, warm tones and bold outlines","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-leaf framing around a manuscript showing two lines with matching letter patterns, teacher blessing the student, rich jewel colors and ornamental details","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style, instructional close-up: letter-pattern diagram (varṇa-vinyāsa) beside the composed response, precise linework, calm scholarly setting","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, manuscript workshop scene, calligrapher composing constrained verse, marginal notes indicating polysemy, delicate borders and fine brushwork"}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Saraswati","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: तद्भेदा = तत् + भेदाः; नानार्थस्यानुयोगतः = नानार्थस्य + अनुयोगतः; तुल्यवर्णविन्यासमुत्तरं = तुल्यवर्णविन्यासम् + उत्तरम्
Related Themes: Agni Purana 342.22 (citra and puzzle-forms); Agni Purana 342.24-25 (praśna/prahelikā classifications)
FAQs
It teaches a technical principle of Sanskrit poetics: the ‘samasyā’ (verse-completion/riddle) is classified into seven types, and one method involves answering a polysemous prompt with a solution that preserves the same letter-pattern (varṇa-vinyāsa).
Beyond ritual and theology, the Agni Purana functions as a compendium of disciplines; here it records kavya-śāstra techniques—riddle-poetry, polysemy, and formal constraints—showing its coverage of literary theory alongside dharma, worship, and statecraft.
Indirectly, it supports dharmic cultivation through refined speech and disciplined learning; mastery of śāstra and careful language-use is traditionally valued as a purifying intellectual practice (vidyā-sādhana), though the verse itself is primarily technical rather than ritual.