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Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 12

Chapter 365 — क्षत्रविट्शूद्रवर्गाः

The Classes of Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras

व्यूहस्तु बलविन्यासश् चक्रञ्चानीकमस्त्रियां एकेभैकरथा त्र्यश्वाः पत्तिः पञ्चपदातिकाः

vyūhastu balavinyāsaś cakrañcānīkamastriyāṃ ekebhaikarathā tryaśvāḥ pattiḥ pañcapadātikāḥ

Un «vyūha» es la disposición táctica de las tropas. En la terminología militar, «cakra» y «anīka» son formaciones (estándar) de despliegue. Una unidad (básica) consta de 1 elefante, 1 carro y 3 caballos; y un «patti» consta de 5 infantes.

vyūhaḥbattle-array; formation
vyūhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvyūha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormParticle (विरोध/विशेषणार्थक अव्यय)
balavinyāsaḥdeployment of troops
balavinyāsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक) + vinyāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष): balasya vinyāsaḥ
cakram(a) circular formation; wheel
cakram:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootcakra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
anīkamarmy-unit; division
anīkam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootanīka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)
astriyāmin military science/strategy (lit. in the treatise of arms)
astriyām:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootastrī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
eka-ibha-eka-rathāḥhaving one elephant and one chariot
eka-ibha-eka-rathāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rooteka (प्रातिपदिक) + ibha (प्रातिपदिक) + eka (प्रातिपदिक) + ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); enumerative compound describing a unit: 'one elephant and one chariot'
tri-aśvāḥ(having) three horses
tri-aśvāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक) + aśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Dvigu numeral compound: 'three horses'
pattiḥinfantryman; foot-soldier
pattiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootpatti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
pañca-padātikāḥ(having) five foot-soldiers
pañca-padātikāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpañca (प्रातिपदिक) + padātika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); Dvigu: 'five foot-soldiers'

Lord Agni (narrating Dhanurveda material to Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Dhanurveda","secondary_vidya":"Arthashastra","practical_application":"Plan troop arrays (vyūha) and define basic unit composition for mustering, reporting, and battlefield deployment.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Definition","entry_title":"Vyūha definition and basic unit (elephant–chariot–horse–infantry)","lookup_keywords":["vyūha","cakra","anīka","eka-gaja eka-ratha","patti (five infantry)"],"quick_summary":"Defines vyūha as troop disposition; notes cakra and anīka as recognized formations; specifies a basic combined-arms unit and the patti as five foot-soldiers."}

Weapon Type: Combined arms (elephant corps, chariotry, cavalry, infantry)

Concept: Saṅghaṭana (organization) as force-multiplier

Application: Use standardized unit counts to scale armies, allocate supplies, and execute formations reliably.

Khanda Section: Dhanurveda (Military Science: Vyuhas and Army Organization)

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A battlefield map-like scene: troops arranged into a cakra formation; an instructor indicates an anīka; nearby, a basic unit is shown—elephant, chariot, three horses—and a patti of five infantry.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, stylized circular cakra array with bright blocks of troops, elephant and chariot emphasized, five infantry grouped as patti, commander gesturing with staff","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold accents on chariot and elephant caparison, symmetrical cakra formation, labeled troop groups, regal commander overseeing deployment","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, diagrammatic clarity: circular cakra and wedge-like anīka, neat grouping of 1 elephant/1 chariot/3 horses and five infantry, instructional composition","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, bird’s-eye battlefield with precise troop blocks, elephants and chariots detailed, commander with attendants pointing to formation, banners marking units"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":null,"pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: vyūhaḥ+tu→vyūhastu; balavinyāsaḥ+cakram→balavinyāsaś cakram; cakram+ca+anīkam→cakrañcānīkam; eka+ibha+eka+rathāḥ→ekebhaikarathāḥ; tri+aśvāḥ→tryaśvāḥ.

Related Themes: Agni Purana Dhanurveda: subsequent verses on scaling units (365.13+)

D
Dhanurveda
V
Vyūha
C
Cakra
A
Anīka
P
Patti

FAQs

This verse imparts Dhanurveda (military science) terminology: it defines vyūha as troop deployment and specifies standard unit composition (elephant, chariot, horses, infantry) used to quantify forces.

By giving precise, almost manual-like definitions of formations and unit strengths, it shows the Agni Purana’s scope beyond theology—preserving practical statecraft and war-science alongside ritual and dharma.

While primarily technical, it supports righteous governance (rājadharma) by promoting orderly protection of society; disciplined, rule-based conduct in warfare is treated as part of dharmic kingship rather than mere violence.