Shloka 24

Devanagari script

नमः सवित्रे सूर्याय भास्कराय विवस्वते आदित्यायादिभूताय देवादीनां नमो नमः

Transliteration

namaḥ savitre sūryāya bhāskarāya vivasvate ādityāyādibhūtāya devādīnāṃ namo namaḥ

Translation

Salutations to Savitṛ, to Sūrya, to radiant Bhāskara, to Vivasvān; salutations to Āditya, the primordial source of beings. To Him who stands at the head of the gods—again and again, reverence.

Word by Word

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नमस्कारार्थक-निपातः

• सवित्रे: to Savitṛ
• सवित्रे: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्

• सूर्याय: to Sūrya
• सूर्याय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्

• भास्कराय: to Bhāskara
• भास्कराय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भास्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्

• विवस्वते: to Vivasvat
• विवस्वते: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवस्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्

• आदित्याय: to Āditya
• आदित्याय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्

• आदिभूताय: to the primordial being
• आदिभूताय: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, चतुर्थी, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (आदिः भूतः/भूतानाम् आदिः)

• देवादीनाम्: of the gods and others
• देवादीनाम्: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, षष्ठी (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (देवाः आदयः येषाम्)

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नमस्कारार्थक-निपातः

• नमः: salutation
• नमः: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुनरुक्त-नमस्कारः (repeated salutation)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya; a solar-stuti embedded in the discourse on dharma/observances and cosmic order)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Identification of Sūrya as Āditya, primordial source and head of divine orders

Teaching: Cosmological

Quality: authoritative

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The many names of the Sun (Savitṛ, Sūrya, Bhāskara, Vivasvān, Āditya) converge on a single divine principle presented as the primordial source and leader among cosmic powers.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman

Application: Practice nāma-smaraṇa with layered meanings—see one divine governance expressed through many functions in life (energy, clarity, time, duty).

Vishishtadvaita: Unity-in-plurality: one supreme reality manifests as differentiated powers and names without collapsing the reality of the world—an intuition consonant with qualified non-dualism.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Narayana

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Jagat Karana: Yes

Characters & Entities

• Savitṛ
• Sūrya
• Bhāskara
• Vivasvān
• Āditya
• Devas

FAQs

What is the significance of praising Sūrya (Āditya) in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse frames the Sun as the sustaining regulator of cosmic order—worthy of repeated reverence as the primal source and leader among divine powers that uphold the world.

How does Sage Parāśara explain divine sovereignty through solar epithets like Savitṛ and Vivasvān?

By stacking names that emphasize impelling, shining, and illuminating, the hymn portrays sovereignty as the power that energizes life, reveals truth, and maintains the rhythm of the cosmos.

What is the theological importance of Vishnu in this context?

In Vaishnava reading, such hymns to Āditya function as praise of a divine manifestation that operates under the Supreme Reality—Vishnu—who is ultimately the ground of all sustaining powers in the universe.