Shloka 59

सर्गभेदाः — अविद्या, स्रोतोभेदाः, नव सर्गाः, देवासुरादिसृष्टिः, वेद-यज्ञप्रादुर्भावः

Devanagari script

नरकिंनररक्षांसि वयःपशुमृगोरगान् अव्ययं च व्ययं चैव यद् इदं स्थाणुजङ्गमम्

Transliteration

narakiṃnararakṣāṃsi vayaḥpaśumṛgoragān avyayaṃ ca vyayaṃ caiva yad idaṃ sthāṇujaṅgamam

Translation

Hell-beings, kinnara, and rākṣasas; birds, cattle, wild beasts, and serpents—whatever is here, unmoving and moving, imperishable and perishable—all of it is encompassed within Him.

Word by Word

• नर: men
• नर: Sambandha (Compound-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• किंनर: Kiṃnaras
• किंनर: Sambandha (Compound-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किंनर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• रक्षांसि: Rākṣasas
• रक्षांसि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• नरकिंनररक्षांसि: men, Kiṃnaras, and Rākṣasas
• नरकिंनररक्षांसि: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + किंनर + रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास

• वयः: birds
• वयः: Sambandha (Compound-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• पशु: beasts/cattle
• पशु: Sambandha (Compound-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• मृग: wild animals/deer
• मृग: Sambandha (Compound-member)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक (समासाङ्ग)

• उरगान्: serpents
• उरगान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• वयःपशुमृगोरगान्: birds, beasts, wild animals, and serpents
• वयःपशुमृगोरगान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वयस् + पशु + मृग + उरग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास

• अव्ययम्: imperishable
• अव्ययम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Conjunction
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• व्ययम्: perishable
• व्ययम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Conjunction
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha/Particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात

• यत्: which/that which
• यत्: Sambandha (Relative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (सम्बन्ध-निर्देशक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Sambandha (Demonstrative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• स्थाणुजङ्गमम्: stationary and moving
• स्थाणुजङ्गमम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थाणु + जङ्गम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (स्थाणु + जङ्गम)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Extent of created beings and their inclusion within the Supreme

Teaching: Cosmological

Quality: revealing

Cosmological Context

Creation Stage: Secondary

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: All categories—hell-beings, humans, rākṣasas, animals, birds, reptiles; the moving and unmoving; perishable and imperishable—are encompassed and pervaded by the Supreme Reality.

Vedantic Theme: Brahman

Application: Practice seeing the divine indwelling presence in all beings, cultivating non-hatred and responsible action.

Vishishtadvaita: Immanence: the universe (acit) and souls (cit) exist as real modes/body of the Supreme, who pervades and governs them (antaryāmin).

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Para-Brahman

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Antaryamin: Yes

Jagat Karana: Yes

Characters & Entities

• Naraka-beings
• Humans (Nara)
• Rakshasas
• Birds
• Cattle
• Wild animals
• Serpents
• Sthāṇu (immovable)
• Jaṅgama (movable)

FAQs

What is the significance of the ‘moving and unmoving’ (sthāṇu–jaṅgama) classification in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse uses the immovable–movable division to express totality: every form of existence, from fixed entities to living creatures, is included within Vishnu’s comprehensive lordship and pervasion.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the perishable and imperishable (vyaya–avyaya) through this verse?

By pairing vyaya (changing, decaying forms) with avyaya (that which does not diminish), Parāśara indicates that both conditioned phenomena and enduring principles ultimately rest in the Supreme who transcends yet contains them.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Vishnu is presented as the Supreme Reality and inner ruler of all categories of beings—celestial, infernal, human, and animal—supporting a Vaishnava vision where the cosmos is unified under one sovereign, all-pervading Lord.