Shloka 28

Devanagari script

ततस् तत् परमं ब्रह्म परमात्मा जगन्मयः सर्वगः सर्वभूतेशः सर्वात्मा परमेश्वरः

Transliteration

tatas tat paramaṃ brahma paramātmā jaganmayaḥ sarvagaḥ sarvabhūteśaḥ sarvātmā parameśvaraḥ

Translation

Therefore, That is the Supreme Brahman—the Supreme Self—pervading the entire universe; all-pervading, the Lord of all beings, the inner Self of all, the highest Sovereign.

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: then/thereupon)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्ता (referring to the same entity)

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विशेषण

• ब्रह्म: Brahman
• ब्रह्म: Karta (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्तृपद/नाम (predicate)

• परमात्मा: the Supreme Self
• परमात्मा: Karta (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; कर्तृपद/नाम

• जगन्मयः: consisting of the universe
• जगन्मयः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक) + मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; (जगन्मयः = जगता मयः/जगद्रूपः) विशेषण

• सर्वगः: all-pervading
• सर्वगः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; (सर्वत्र गच्छति) विशेषण

• सर्वभूतेशः: Lord of all beings
• सर्वभूतेशः: Karta (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + भूत (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; (सर्वेषां भूतानाम् ईशः) नाम/विशेषण

• सर्वात्मा: Self of all
• सर्वात्मा: Karta (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; (सर्वेषाम् आत्मा) नाम/विशेषण

• परमेश्वरः: the Supreme Lord
• परमेश्वरः: Karta (Predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; नाम/विशेषण

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (teaching Maitreya)

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Definition of the Supreme: Brahman/Paramātman as all-pervading Lord and inner Self of all beings

Teaching: Devotional

Quality: revealing

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: The Supreme is Brahman and Paramātman: all-pervading, lord of beings, and the inner Self (sarvātmā) of the universe.

Vedantic Theme: Atman

Application: Practice seeing the divine presence in all beings; let this inform compassion, restraint, and reverence in daily life.

Vishishtadvaita: Affirms antaryāmitva (indwelling Lord) and jaganmayatva (world as His body/mode), central to Viśiṣṭādvaita’s qualified non-dualism.

Vaishnava Theology

Vishnu Form: Para-Brahman

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Antaryamin: Yes

Jagat Karana: Yes

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Paramatma

FAQs

What is the significance of calling Vishnu 'Para Brahman' in the Vishnu Purana?

This verse identifies the Supreme Absolute (Brahman) not as an impersonal principle but as the highest Lord who pervades the universe and rules all beings—framing Vishnu as the ultimate reality.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the concept of the Supreme Self (Paramātmā)?

Parāśara presents the Paramātmā as the indwelling Self of all (sarvātmā) and simultaneously the transcendent Supreme (paramam brahma), uniting immanence and sovereignty.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Vishnu is portrayed as the all-pervading ruler and inner controller of every being, supporting Vaishnava Vedanta where the Supreme Person is both the ground of existence and the Lord of the cosmos.