Shloka 3

सुनीतिर् नाम या राज्ञस् तस्याभून् महिषी द्विज स नातिप्रीतिमांस् तस्यां तस्याश् चाभूद् ध्रुवः सुतः

sunītir nāma yā rājñas tasyābhūn mahiṣī dvija sa nātiprītimāṃs tasyāṃ tasyāś cābhūd dhruvaḥ sutaḥ

O brāhmaṇa, the king had a queen named Sunīti, yet he was not greatly attached to her. From her was born a son—Dhruva.

सुनीतिःSunīti (name)
सुनीतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसुनीति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
नामby name
नाम:
Sambandha/Qualifier (नामनिर्देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; नाम-प्रयोगे (indeclinable used to indicate ‘by name’)
याwho
या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
तस्यof him
तस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
अभूत्was/became
अभूत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
महिषीqueen, chief wife
महिषी:
Karta/Predicate-noun (कर्ता/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootमहिषी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
द्विजO twice-born (brahmin)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन
साshe
सा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
not
:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)
अतिप्रीतिमान्very affectionate (excessively pleased)
अतिप्रीतिमान्:
Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति + प्रीति + मत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ‘अतिप्रीतिः यस्य सः’ (possessing excessive affection)
तस्याम्in/with regard to her
तस्याम्:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
and
:
Connector (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अभूत्was/became
अभूत्:
Kriya (Verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
ध्रुवःDhruva
ध्रुवः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootध्रुव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
सुतःson
सुतः:
Predicate-noun (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootसुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अपादान-निरपेक्षः (predicate noun)

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Narration of Dhruva’s origin and the causes leading to his resolve for tapas and divine vision.

Teaching: Historical

Quality: authoritative

Key Kings: Dhruva, Sunīti

S
Sunīti
D
Dhruva
T
The King (Uttānapāda)

FAQs

This verse introduces Sunīti as Dhruva’s mother, establishing the maternal lineage that frames Dhruva’s later turn toward unwavering devotion and spiritual ascent.

Parāśara presents Dhruva’s birth as a dynastic fact within the king’s household, noting the king’s limited affection toward Sunīti—an early narrative condition that foreshadows Dhruva’s later trials.

Though Vishnu is not named here, the Purana’s genealogy is structured to culminate in exemplary devotees; Dhruva’s very introduction functions as the opening of a bhakti-centered arc where Vishnu becomes the supreme refuge and goal.