Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 79

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

परेषां च तथा दोषं न प्रशंसेद्विचक्षणः । विशेषेण तथा ब्रह्मञ्छ्रुतं दृष्टं च नो वदेत्

pareṣāṃ ca tathā doṣaṃ na praśaṃsedvicakṣaṇaḥ | viśeṣeṇa tathā brahmañchrutaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ ca no vadet

A discerning person should not delight in, or advertise, the faults of others. Most especially, O Brahman, he should not speak out what he has merely heard or even personally seen, when it would only spread blame.

परेषाम्of others
परेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: thus/likewise)
दोषम्fault
दोषम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
not
:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
प्रशंसेत्should praise/speak approvingly
प्रशंसेत्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + शंस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
विचक्षणःa discerning person
विचक्षणः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविचक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विशेषेणespecially
विशेषेण:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभूत (instrumental used adverbially: ‘especially’)
तथाthus/also
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)
ब्रह्मन्Brahman / sacred knowledge
ब्रह्मन्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (सम्बोधनार्थेऽपि रूपसाम्यं)
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रु (धातु) → श्रुत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
दृष्टम्seen
दृष्टम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
नःnot
नः:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनः (अव्यय/सर्वनाम)
Formनिपात/सर्वनाम-प्रयोगः; अत्र ‘न’ इत्यस्य छन्दसि रूपम् (prohibitive ‘not’)
वदेत्should say/speak
वदेत्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Jyotirlinga: Viśvanātha

Sthala Purana: Ethics of speech in Kāśī’s dharma teaching: refraining from fault-finding and rumor preserves inner purity, making the mind fit for Śiva’s grace (anugraha).

Significance: Supports sāttvika speech and compassion; reduces interpersonal karma and mental agitation, aiding japa/dhyāna in the sacred kṣetra.

Role: teaching

FAQs

It teaches that a Shiva-bhakta purifies karma and mind by refusing to spread others’ defects; restraint in speech supports inner śuddhi (purity), which is essential for grace (anugraha) and liberation in Shaiva thought.

Linga-worship emphasizes inner purity along with outer ritual; avoiding slander and gossip is a direct form of mental worship (mānasa-pūjā), aligning the devotee with Shiva’s sattvic, compassionate nature.

Practice vāṅ-niyama (discipline of speech) during japa of the Panchakshara mantra—silence where possible, speaking only what is true and beneficial—especially on Mahashivratri or during daily Shiva-puja.