Shloka 1

पापभेदवर्णनम्

Classification of Sins / Taxonomy of Pāpa

Devanagari script

सनत्कुमार उवाच । द्विजद्रव्यापहरणमपि दायव्यतिक्रमः । अतिमानोऽतिकोपश्च दांभिकत्वं कृतघ्नता

Transliteration

sanatkumāra uvāca | dvijadravyāpaharaṇamapi dāyavyatikramaḥ | atimāno'tikopaśca dāṃbhikatvaṃ kṛtaghnatā

Translation

Sanatkumāra said: “Stealing the wealth of a twice-born (brāhmaṇa) is indeed a grave transgression; so too is violating one’s rightful share or inheritance. Excessive pride, excessive anger, hypocrisy, and ingratitude—these are also faults that bind the soul.”

Word by Word

• सनत्कुमारः: Sanatkumāra
• सनत्कुमारः: कर्ता (Speaker/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सनत्कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वक्ता

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• द्विज-द्रव्य-अपहरणम्: stealing a Brahmin’s property
• द्विज-द्रव्य-अपहरणम्: विषय (Topic/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + द्रव्य (प्रातिपदिक) + अप + हृ (धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘द्विजस्य द्रव्यम्’ + ‘अपहरण’ (हृ धातोः ल्युट्)

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: समुच्चय/अवधारण (Particle/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• दाय-व्यतिक्रमः: violation of inheritance/rightful share
• दाय-व्यतिक्रमः: विषय (Topic/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाय (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यतिक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दायस्य व्यतिक्रमः)

• अति-मानः: excessive pride
• अति-मानः: विषय (Topic/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अव्ययीभावसमासः—‘excessive pride’

• अति-कोपः: excessive anger
• अति-कोपः: विषय (Topic/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + कोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अव्ययीभावसमासः—‘excessive anger’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• दाम्भिकत्वम्: hypocrisy/pretentiousness
• दाम्भिकत्वम्: विषय (Topic/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाम्भिकत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम (abstract noun)

• कृतघ्नता: ingratitude
• कृतघ्नता: विषय (Topic/विषय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतघ्नता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भाववाचक-नाम

Speaker

Sanatkumara

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Jyotirlinga Context

Sthala Purana: Not connected to a Jyotirliṅga; it opens a new speaker-section (Sanatkumāra) listing ethical faults as karmic bonds (pāśa).

Significance: General: emphasizes non-injury, honesty, and humility as supports for Śiva’s anugraha; pride/anger/hypocrisy are inner pāśas (mala-anubandha) that obstruct devotion.

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

The verse lists key adharma that strengthens pāśa (bondage) for the paśu (individual soul): theft, injustice in rightful dues, and inner vices like pride, anger, hypocrisy, and ingratitude—obstacles to Śiva-jñāna and liberation.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Liṅga-worship in the Shiva Purana is not merely external; it must be supported by dharmic conduct and inner purity. These vices contradict devotion (bhakti) and reverence toward Śiva present in all beings, especially in honoring the righteous and the sacred.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Practice daily self-examination before japa of the Pañcākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), cultivating humility and gratitude; pair it with simple Śiva-pūjā using bhasma (Tripuṇḍra) as a reminder to burn pride and anger.