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Shloka 23

पितृसर्ग-श्राद्धमाहात्म्य-प्रश्नः

Pitṛ-sarga and the Greatness of Śrāddha: The Inquiry

त्वया दायादवानस्मि धर्मज्ञेन विपश्चिता । तारितोहं तु जिज्ञासा कृता मे पुरुषोत्तम

tvayā dāyādavānasmi dharmajñena vipaścitā | tāritohaṃ tu jijñāsā kṛtā me puruṣottama

By you—wise and learned in dharma—I have been made an heir to righteous merit. Through you I have been delivered; my longing to know has been fulfilled, O Supreme Person.

tvayāby you
tvayā:
Karana (करण/agent-instrument in passive)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
dāyāda-vānhaving an heir
dāyāda-vān:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootdāyāda (प्रातिपदिक) + -vant (प्रातिपदिक/तद्धित)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; possessive adjective (मतुप्/वन्त) meaning ‘having an heir’
asmiI am
asmi:
Karta (कर्ता/finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्/Laṭ), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
dharma-jñenaby (you) who know dharma
dharma-jñena:
Karana (करण/instrumental agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; तत्पुरुष: dharmasya jñaḥ (‘knower of dharma’); agrees with tvayā (by you, the knower of dharma)
vipaścitāby (you) the wise
vipaścitā:
Karana (करण/instrumental agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootvipaścit (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; adjective ‘wise’ agreeing with tvayā
tāritaḥsaved; delivered
tāritaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeVerb
Roottṝ (धातु) + tārita (कृदन्त, causative PPP)
FormKridanta PPP (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; passive ‘(I) have been delivered/saved’
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
tubut; indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात) indicating contrast/emphasis
jijñāsāinquiry; desire to know
jijñāsā:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootjñā (धातु) + jijñāsā (प्रातिपदिक; desiderative noun)
FormFeminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; abstract noun ‘desire to know/inquiry’
kṛtāmade; done
kṛtā:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु) + kṛta (कृदन्त, PPP)
FormKridanta PPP (क्त), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with jijñāsā; passive ‘has been made/done’
meby me; for me; my
me:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Genitive/Dative (6th/4th), Singular; enclitic
puruṣa-uttamaO best of men
puruṣa-uttama:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/address)
TypeNoun
Rootpuruṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; कर्मधारय: uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ

A devotee/disciple addressing Lord Shiva (Puruṣottama) in a teaching dialogue within Umāsaṃhitā

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

S
Shiva

FAQs

The verse frames Shiva as the liberator (tāritā) who fulfills the seeker’s jijñāsā—true inquiry into dharma and reality—granting a rightful share in spiritual merit and the path toward moksha.

Addressing Shiva as Puruṣottama supports Saguna devotion: the seeker approaches the personal Lord who actively rescues and instructs. In Shaiva practice, this inner transformation is commonly anchored through Linga-worship as the tangible focus for grace and right understanding.

The practical takeaway is disciplined dharma-jijñāsā supported by Shiva-upāsanā—daily remembrance and prayer to Shiva (often with the Panchākṣarī, “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) to seek guidance, clarity, and liberation.