Shloka 8

कर्मणा येन मेधावी शूद्रो वैश्यो हि जायते । तत्ते वक्ष्यामि निखिलं येन वर्णोत्तमो भवेत्

karmaṇā yena medhāvī śūdro vaiśyo hi jāyate | tatte vakṣyāmi nikhilaṃ yena varṇottamo bhavet

I shall tell you in full of that discipline of action (karma) by which even a discerning one, though born a Śūdra, becomes established as a Vaiśya—and by which one may attain the highest station among the varṇas.

कर्मणाby action/deed
कर्मणा:
करण (Karaṇa/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (N), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया) एकवचन (Sg) — करण/हेतु (instrument/cause)
येनby which
येन:
करण (Karaṇa/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (N), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया) एकवचन (Sg) — सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम
मेधावीan intelligent person
मेधावी:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमेधाविन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (M), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा) एकवचन (Sg)
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (M), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा) एकवचन (Sg)
वैश्यःa Vaiśya
वैश्यः:
कर्ता-सम्बन्ध (Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (M), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा) एकवचन (Sg)
हिindeed
हि:
निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अवधान/हेतुबोधक (emphasis/causal nuance)
जायतेis born/becomes
जायते:
क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Sg)
तत्that
तत्:
कर्म (Karma/कर्मन्)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (N), द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया) एकवचन (Sg) — सर्वनाम
तेto you
ते:
सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formचतुर्थी (4th/चतुर्थी) एकवचन (Sg) — 'to you' (enclitic form)
वक्ष्यामिI will tell
वक्ष्यामि:
क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple future/लृट्), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st), एकवचन (Sg)
निखिलम्entire/complete
निखिलम्:
विशेषण (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिखिल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (N), द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया) एकवचन (Sg) — विशेषण
येनby which
येन:
करण (Karaṇa/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (N), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया) एकवचन (Sg) — सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम
वर्ण-उत्तमःthe best varṇa
वर्ण-उत्तमः:
कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (M), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा) एकवचन (Sg); समासः—तत्पुरुषः: वर्णेषु उत्तमः (best among the varṇas)
भवेत्may become
भवेत्:
क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन (Sg)

Lord Shiva

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Role: teaching

FAQs

The verse emphasizes that spiritual and social excellence is linked to karma (right conduct and disciplined action), not merely birth—pointing to inner refinement and eligibility for higher dharma through self-purification under Shiva’s guidance.

In the Uma-saṃhitā’s devotional-philosophical frame, upliftment through karma is typically fulfilled through Shiva-oriented dharma—service, purity, vows, and worship—where Saguna Shiva (as the worshipful Lord) grants inner maturity that makes one fit for higher practices.

The verse introduces a forthcoming teaching on transformative conduct; in Shaiva practice this commonly culminates in Shiva-dharma observances such as mantra-japa (especially Panchakshara), purity disciplines, and regulated worship that purifies karma and elevates one’s spiritual standing.