Shloka 31

नरकयातनावर्णनम् / Description of Hell-Torments for Specific Transgressions

Devanagari script

मनस्सर्वेन्द्रियाणां च यस्मा द्दुःखं प्रजायते । धने सत्यपि ये दानं न प्रयच्छंति तृष्णया

Transliteration

manassarvendriyāṇāṃ ca yasmā dduḥkhaṃ prajāyate | dhane satyapi ye dānaṃ na prayacchaṃti tṛṣṇayā

Translation

From the mind and all the senses arises suffering. Even when wealth is present, those who, out of craving, do not give in charity—such people remain bound to sorrow.

Word by Word

• मनः: mind
• मनः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject; with सर्वेन्द्रियाणाम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• सर्वेन्द्रियाणाम्: of all the senses
• सर्वेन्द्रियाणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास ('all-senses'); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• यस्मात्: from which
• यस्मात्: Apadana (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम

• दुःखम्: suffering, pain
• दुःखम्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject of प्रजायते)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• प्रजायते: arises, is born
• प्रजायते: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)

• धने: in wealth / when wealth exists
• धने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location; 'in the presence of wealth')
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)

• सति: being (present)
• सति: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत् (कृदन्त; √अस् + शतृ)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular); सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)

• अपि: even, although
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: 'even/although')

• ये: those who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); सर्वनाम

• दानम्: gift, charity
• दानम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• प्रयच्छन्ति: give, bestow
• प्रयच्छन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + यम् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)

• तृष्णया: by greed/thirst (craving)
• तृष्णया: Karana (करण/Instrument; cause/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृष्णा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Shakti Dimension

Role: teaching

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It identifies craving-driven mind and senses as a primary cause of duḥkha and teaches that generosity and restraint weaken pasha (bondage), supporting the soul’s movement toward Shiva (Pati) and liberation.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga worship in the Shiva Purana is paired with inner purification; offering to Shiva while refusing to share with beings due to greed is incomplete devotion. Charity and reduced craving make Saguna Shiva worship fruitful and steady.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Practice dāna as a vow (especially on Shivaratri or Mondays) along with japa of the Panchakshara and sense-restraint; treat giving as an offering to Shiva to reduce tṛṣṇā and calm the mind.