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Shloka 48

Vṛṣeśākhya-Śivāvatāra and the Initiation of the Kṣīrasāgara-Manthana

Churning of the Milk Ocean

ततो वै हरिपुत्रास्ते महाबलपराक्रमाः । महोपद्रवमाचेरुस्स्वर्गे भुवि च दुःखदम्

tato vai hariputrāste mahābalaparākramāḥ | mahopadravamācerussvarge bhuvi ca duḥkhadam

Then those sons of Hari, endowed with immense strength and valor, unleashed a great calamity, bringing sorrow both in heaven and on earth.

tataḥthen, thereafter
tataḥ:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), अव्यय-प्रकारः: क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Avyaya), निपात (particle)
hari-putrāḥsons of Hari
hari-putrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothari (प्रातिपदिक) + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive tatpuruṣa): हरेः पुत्राः
tethose (they)
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन
mahā-bala-parākramāḥof great strength and valor
mahā-bala-parākramāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahā (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद) + bala (प्रातिपदिक) + parākrama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय-समासः (descriptive): महाबलाश्च पराक्रमाश्च (बल-पराक्रम-विशिष्टाः)
mahā-upadravamgreat disturbance
mahā-upadravam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (पूर्वपद) + upadrava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः: महान् उपद्रवः
āceruḥthey performed/caused
āceruḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√car (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकारः (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन
svargein heaven
svarge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvarga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन
bhuvion earth
bhuvi:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhū (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय-बोधक (conjunction)
duḥkha-dampain-giving
duḥkha-dam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + da (√dā/दम्-प्रातिपदिक from √dā?; here adjectival -da)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः: दुःखं ददाति इति (दुःखद)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Rudra

Cosmic Event: Loka-saṅkṣobha (world-disturbance) across svarga and bhū—signals need for divine rebalancing, typically via Rudra’s regulatory power

V
Vishnu (Hari)

FAQs

It highlights how even powerful divine lineages can become instruments of upheaval when cosmic balance is disturbed; in Shaiva thought, such turmoil underscores the need for Shiva (Pati) to restore dharma and loosen the bonds (pāśa) that generate suffering.

The verse sets a narrative backdrop of widespread distress, for which the Shiva Purana commonly presents Saguna Shiva—worshipped as the Linga—as the compassionate, accessible form through whom order is re-established and grace is bestowed.

In times of distress, the Shiva Purana’s practical remedy is steady Shiva-upāsanā—japa of the Panchakshara ("Om Namaḥ Śivāya") and remembrance of Shiva’s protective presence—supported by simple purity disciplines like bhasma/tripundra where traditionally followed.