Shloka 1

Daśa-Śivāvatāra-Nirūpaṇa

Enumeration of Ten Prime Manifestations of Śiva with Their Śaktis

Devanagari script

शृण्वथो गिरिशस्याद्यावतारान् दशसंख्यकान् । महाकलमुखान् भक्त्योपासनाकाण्डसेवितान्

Transliteration

śṛṇvatho giriśasyādyāvatārān daśasaṃkhyakān | mahākalamukhān bhaktyopāsanākāṇḍasevitān

Translation

Listen now to the ten prime incarnations of Girīśa (Lord Śiva)—beginning with Mahākāla—who are revered and approached through devoted worship and the disciplines of sacred observance.

Word by Word

• śṛṇvathaḥ: listen (you two)
• śṛṇvathaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (श्रु, धातु)
• Form: Loṭ (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Dual (द्विवचन)

• giriśasya: of Girīśa (Śiva)
• giriśasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: giriśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• ādya-avatārān: the primordial incarnations/manifestations
• ādya-avatārān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ādya (प्रातिपदिक) + avatāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); karmadhāraya: 'ādyaḥ avatāraḥ' (prime/first manifestations)

• daśa-saṃkhyakān: ten in number
• daśa-saṃkhyakān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: daśa (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या) + saṃkhyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); dvigu: 'daśa-saṃkhyakāḥ' = ten in number; qualifying avatārān

• mahā-kala-mukhān: beginning with Mahākāla
• mahā-kala-mukhān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + kala (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: 'mahākālaḥ mukhaṃ yeṣām' (beginning with Mahākāla)

• bhaktyā: with devotion
• bhaktyā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhakti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• upāsanā-kāṇḍa-sevitān: practised through the section of worship
• upāsanā-kāṇḍa-sevitān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: upāsanā (प्रातिपदिक) + kāṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + sevita (√sev, धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); kta-participle 'sevita' = served/practised; tatpuruṣa: 'upāsanā-kāṇḍena sevitān'

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Mahākāla

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Mahakala

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

The verse frames Śiva’s many manifestations as approachable through bhakti and disciplined upāsanā, teaching that the infinite Pati (Lord) compassionately assumes knowable forms for the uplift of bound souls (paśu).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

By introducing incarnations “beginning with Mahākāla,” it emphasizes Saguna worship—devotees contemplate and serve Śiva in specific forms, while the Liṅga remains the universal emblem through which those forms are commonly worshipped.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

It points to upāsanā-kāṇḍa—steady devotional practice such as japa of the Pañcākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), pūjā with reverence, and regular observances that deepen single-pointed devotion to Śiva’s chosen form.