Shloka 42

मुधा जातिविकषोयं लोकेषु परिकल्प्यते । मानुष्ये सति सामान्ये कोऽधर्मः कोऽथ चोत्तमः

mudhā jātivikaṣoyaṃ lokeṣu parikalpyate | mānuṣye sati sāmānye ko'dharmaḥ ko'tha cottamaḥ

In the worlds, this notion of “difference by caste” is imagined in vain. When humanity itself is the common ground, what is truly adharma, and what indeed is called superior?

मुधाvainly, uselessly
मुधा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुधा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
जाति-विकषःcaste-based distinction
जाति-विकषः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजाति + विकष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (जाति-विकष = ‘distinction/expansion based on caste/kind’)
अयम्this
अयम्:
विशेषण (Determiner)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
लोकेषुin the worlds/among people
लोकेषु:
अधिकरण (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन
परिकल्प्यतेis imagined/constructed
परिकल्प्यते:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + √कॢप् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive)
मानुष्येin humanity / among humans
मानुष्ये:
अधिकरण (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
सतिwhen/while (it) exists
सति:
अधिकरण (Locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक; √अस् (धातु) से)
Formकृदन्त (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी (locative absolute)
सामान्येin commonness/equality
सामान्ये:
अधिकरण (Locative absolute)
TypeAdjective
Rootसामान्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; सति-सप्तमी के साथ
कःwhat?/who?
कः:
कर्ता/विधेय (Interrogative predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
अधर्मःunrighteousness
अधर्मः:
विधेय (Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
कःwhat?/who?
कः:
कर्ता/विधेय (Interrogative predicate)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
अथthen/and
अथ:
सम्बन्धसूचक (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अनुक्रम/प्रश्न-सम्बन्धक (particle: then/and)
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
उत्तमःthe best/superior
उत्तमः:
विधेय (Predicate nominative)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

Suta Goswami (narrating the Shiva Purana dialogue to the sages, conveying the teaching within the Yuddha Khaṇḍa context)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Paśupatinātha

Sthala Purana: Not a Jyotirliṅga passage; it universalizes ‘mānuṣya-sāmānya’ and critiques jāti-bheda as a mental construction, aligning with the Purāṇic ethic of equal eligibility for Śiva-bhakti.

Significance: Promotes inclusive devotion: access to Śiva’s worship and grace is grounded in bhakti and conduct, not birth—supporting communal harmony in tīrtha settings.

Shakti Form: Pārvatī

Role: nurturing

Offering: pushpa

S
Shiva

FAQs

It challenges pride in birth-based identity and points to a Shaiva vision where the shared reality of being human (and ultimately the soul under Pati, Shiva) is primary; dharma is measured by conduct and God-oriented living, not by social labels.

Linga-worship represents the one Shiva beyond all limiting distinctions; approaching Saguna Shiva with bhakti purifies ego and social pride, making devotion accessible to all who take refuge in Shiva.

Practice japa of the Pañcākṣarī (“Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with a mind free from superiority/inferiority, and offer bhasma/Tripuṇḍra and simple Linga-pūjā as acts of humility and equal reverence toward all beings.