Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 4

भूतत्रिपुरधर्मवर्णनम् (Description of the Dharma/Conduct of the Bhūta-Tripura) — Chapter 3

मित्रद्रोहं कथं जानन्करोमि रणकर्कशः । सुहृद्द्रोहे महत्पापं पूर्वमुक्तं स्वयंभुवा

mitradrohaṃ kathaṃ jānankaromi raṇakarkaśaḥ | suhṛddrohe mahatpāpaṃ pūrvamuktaṃ svayaṃbhuvā

How can I—though hardened by battle—knowingly commit treachery against a friend? For the Self-born (Brahmā) has already declared that betraying a well-wisher is a great sin.

mitra-drohambetrayal of a friend
mitra-droham:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootmitra (प्रातिपदिक) + droha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Dvitīyā (Accusative/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); “betrayal of a friend”
kathamhow
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormPraśna-avyaya (interrogative adverb/प्रश्न) = “how?”
jānanknowing
jānan:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject) [participial qualifier of implied ‘aham’]
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormVartamāna-kṛdanta (Present active participle/वर्तमान कृदन्त), Parasmaipada, Puṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); “knowing”
karomiI do / I commit
karomi:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (Present/लट्), Parasmaipada, Uttama puruṣa (1st person/उत्तम पुरुष), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
raṇa-karkaśaḥharsh in battle
raṇa-karkaśaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject) [as epithet]
TypeAdjective
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + karkaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); bahirviṣaya-tatpuruṣa sense “harsh in battle”; predicate/epithet of speaker (implied ‘aham’)
suhṛd-drohein betraying a friend
suhṛd-drohe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Domain)
TypeNoun
Rootsuhṛd (प्रातिपदिक) + droha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Saptamī (Locative/सप्तमी), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); “in/with regard to betrayal of a well-wisher/friend”
mahat-pāpama great sin
mahat-pāpam:
Karma (कर्म/Object) / Predicate nominal
TypeNoun
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक) + pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā (Nom./Acc./प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); karmadhāraya “great sin”; here as predicate/object of “(asti) pūrvam uktam”
pūrvampreviously
pūrvam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक used adverbially)
FormKālārtha-avyaya (temporal adverb/कालार्थ) = “formerly/previously”
uktamsaid / declared
uktam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate) [participial predicate]
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) → ukta (कृदन्त)
FormKta-pratyaya (Past passive participle/क्त), Napuṃsakaliṅga (Neuter/नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Prathamā/Dvitīyā (Nom./Acc./प्रथमा/द्वितीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); predicate “(it) has been said”
svayaṃbhuvāby Svayaṃbhū (Brahmā)
svayaṃbhuvā:
Kartṛkaraṇa (कर्तृकरण/Agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootsvayaṃbhū (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/तृतीया), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन); agent-instrument “by Svayaṃbhū (Brahmā)”

A warrior-king addressing his counsel/opponent in the Yuddhakhaṇḍa narrative (speaker not explicitly named in the provided snippet; inferred as a dharmic combatant refusing friend-betrayal).

Tattva Level: pashu

Sthala Purana: No Jyotirliṅga linkage; a dharma-argument about mitra/suhṛd-droha (betrayal) as adharma, invoking Brahmā’s prior injunction.

Significance: Ethical śuddhi as preparation for Śiva-bhakti: the paśu must align conduct with dharma to become fit for anugraha.

B
Brahma

FAQs

It teaches that even in conflict, dharma restrains violence: knowingly betraying a friend or benefactor creates heavy pāpa that obstructs inner purity—an essential basis for approaching Shiva (Pati) with a cleansed heart.

Linga-worship in the Shiva Purana is repeatedly linked with śuddhi (purification) and right conduct; devotion to Saguna Shiva is not merely ritual but must be supported by ethical vows such as non-betrayal and truthfulness.

A practical takeaway is to pair daily Shiva-japa (e.g., the Pañcākṣarī “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”) with a vrata of loyalty and non-deceit, using vibhūti (Tripuṇḍra) or rudrākṣa as reminders to avoid mahāpāpa like friend-betrayal.