Shloka 12

नारद उवाच । कथं तया तपस्तप्तं किमर्थं कुत्र संध्यया । कथं शरीरं सा त्यक्त्वाऽभवन्मेधातिथेः सुता । कथं वा विहितं देवैर्ब्रह्मविष्णुशिवैः पतिम् । वसिष्ठं तु महात्मानं संवव्रे शंसितव्रतम्

nārada uvāca | kathaṃ tayā tapastaptaṃ kimarthaṃ kutra saṃdhyayā | kathaṃ śarīraṃ sā tyaktvā'bhavanmedhātitheḥ sutā | kathaṃ vā vihitaṃ devairbrahmaviṣṇuśivaiḥ patim | vasiṣṭhaṃ tu mahātmānaṃ saṃvavre śaṃsitavratam

Nārada said: “How did she perform austerity, for what purpose, and at which sacred sandhyā (junction-time/place)? How did she abandon her body and become the daughter of Medhātithi? And how did the gods—Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva—ordain a husband for her, so that she chose the great-souled Vasiṣṭha, renowned for his praised vows?”

नारदःNarada
नारदः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनारद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
कथम्how
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण (interrogative adverb)
तयाby her
तया:
Karana (करण/Instrument/Agentive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन
तप्तम्performed, practiced
तप्तम्:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘तपः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
किम्-अर्थम्for what purpose, why
किम्-अर्थम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; प्रश्नार्थक अव्यय (interrogative adverbial)
कुत्रwhere
कुत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक प्रश्न (interrogative of place)
संध्ययाat/with twilight (sandhyā)
संध्यया:
Karana (करण/Instrument/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootसंध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
कथम्how
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक
शरीरम्body
शरीरम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
साshe
सा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
Kriya (क्रिया/Converb)
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज् (धातु) + क्त्वा
Formअव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive), क्त्वा; ‘having abandoned’
अभवत्became
अभवत्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
मेधातिथेःof Medhātithi
मेधातिथेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootमेधातिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
सुताdaughter
सुता:
Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानााधिकरण/Predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootसुता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
कथम्how
कथम्:
Prashna (प्रश्न/Interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्नार्थक
वाor/indeed
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक (disjunctive/particle)
विहितम्was ordained, arranged
विहितम्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicative)
TypeVerb
Rootवि+धा (धातु) + क्त
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), क्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
देवैःby the gods
देवैः:
Kartr̥ (कर्तृ/Agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
ब्रह्म-विष्णु-शिवैःby Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva
ब्रह्म-विष्णु-शिवैः:
Kartr̥ (कर्तृ/Agent in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक) + शिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (copulative): ‘ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च शिवश्च’
पतिम्husband
पतिम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
वसिष्ठम्Vasiṣṭha
वसिष्ठम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootवसिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विरोध/अवधारणार्थक (contrast/emphasis particle)
महात्मानम्great-souled
महात्मानम्:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifies वसिष्ठम्)
संवव्रेchose, selected (as husband)
संवव्रे:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+वृ (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
शंसित-व्रतम्of praised vows
शंसित-व्रतम्:
Karma-viśeṣaṇa (कर्मविशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootशंसित (शंस् धातु + क्त) + व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: ‘शंसितं व्रतं यस्य’ (praised vow) — here as adjective of वसिष्ठम्/महात्मानम्

Nārada

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Sadāśiva

Significance: The verse models inquiry (praśna) as a soteriological aid: understanding tapas, tyāga, and divine ordainment clarifies how anugraha operates through karma, dharma, and divine will.

Shakti Form: Satī

Role: liberating

N
Narada
B
Brahma
V
Vishnu
S
Shiva
M
Medhatithi
V
Vasistha

FAQs

This verse frames Satī’s journey as governed by tapas (disciplined austerity) and divine order, highlighting the Shaiva view that sincere spiritual effort aligned with dharma leads the soul toward Pati (Śiva) and higher purpose.

Though the Liṅga is not named here, the verse points to Śiva as Pati who guides outcomes through grace and cosmic governance; in Saguna worship, devotees approach Śiva through disciplined vows, sandhyā practices, and devotion that prepare one for divine union.

The mention of “sandhyā” and “vows” suggests regular sandhyā worship with mantra-japa (especially Shaiva japa such as the Panchākṣarī, where practiced), along with vrata (ethical restraint) as the foundation for fruitful tapas.